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Summer Nights

ServiceNow

The WOW Factor

1st impressions: warm greeting and body language
Passion...
—If you're looking for...
—If you like...
—Do you know why/how/where...
—This is amazing...
—Why is this so cool? Because...
—You can't miss...
—Did you go? My favorite is...

About them

1st time in Boston?
How long here?
Why here? What are your plans?
What do you like/hope to do here?
From out of state?
Special Occassion?

Intro

Welcome everyone
Hi my name is Murph. I am your Boston guide.
This is going to be a great tour.
As we go through the city;
we’ll see great landmarks, sights, and museums
we’ll talk about food, shopping, Sports, arts ...
...and of course History. And Boston has a lot of history-
-almost 400 years old
-the American revolution began here
-it was 1.5 sq miles at first, now, 48 square miles
Many 1sts happened here, such as 1st;
—public park
—marathon
—public school
—subway system
—NHL team from USA
—face transplant
I’ll also point out locations that you may have seen on TV shows or in movies.

Happenings

Here’s what’s happening

About ME

Native Bostonian/born and raised Same house
Been on every street in Boston
2nd generation Irish
Parents from same neighborhood
Eamonn-4th gen at 164
Stevie Clegg and Joe Fitz
St. B’s
Mrs O'Connor, Suzanne McCarthy
1976; Bicentennial when I was in Grammer school. I was hooked by history...now I get to share this with you

History Lesson

Long Wharf: Liberty Affair / Troops Arrive / Troops evacuate / Declaration of Ind.
The Revolution didn’t happen all of a sudden;
Sitting around doing colonists stuff and some guy named Larry said “I know, I think we should rebel and start our own country.”
Sons of Liberty
Revere-Hancock-Adams
Hazzah / Figh
This day in history

Safety and the Tour

Stop 1

Long Wharf

1710
Longest wharf
1,800 feet long, up to State Street and out into Boston Harbor.
October 1, 1768 the British Soldiers arrived

Evacuation Day

March 17, 1776, 8,900 troops on 78 vessels evacuated Boston.
Colonial forces under the leadership of General George Washington captured Dorchester Heights and placed cannons there, which had been brought to Boston by Colonel Henry Knox, from Fort Ticonderoga. This effectively forced General Howe to leave Boston with his troops and about 1000 loyalists to the British Crown and retreat to Nova Scotia.
Declaration of Independance arrived in July, 1776

Greenway Carousel

August 31, 2013
14 types of critters from land, sea and air from Massachusetts.
lobster, cod, fox, squirrel, grasshopper, peregrine falcon, turtle, butterfly, skunk, oarfish, whale, rabbit, owl, and harbor seal

Columbus Park

1976—discovered America
Memorial for nine Massachusetts men killed in the 1983 Beirut bombing. installed 1992.
Dedicated to Gold State Mothers
Archway voted best place for first kiss-Boston Magazine

Rose Garden

1987
Matriarch of the Kennedy clan.
Born in the North End on July 22, 1890.
Died January of 1995 at the age of 104.
Baptized and eulogized at St. Stephen’s Church on Hanover St. (only church building left in Boston designed by Charles Bulfinch.)
Her father was John F. Fitzgerald, Honey Fitz, congressman and Mayor of Boston.
Rose would accompany her father on official business so she was well adapted to political life.
Married Joe Kennedy of East Boston, son of Patrick Kennedy

The Chart House/Hancock Offices

Built in 1763—oldest building on the waterfront.
John Hancock offices in the building,—Hancock’s Counting House.
The Gardiner Building.

The liberty Affair

The Liberty Affair, June 1768, was the illegal British seizure (towing and confiscating cargo) of the Liberty. There was another ship earlier, too.
Trial of John Hancock, smuggler and merchant who owned the ship.
It culminated to a riot in 1768
This showed the difficulties in enforcing the British revenue laws and the growing American resentment against British rule.
More restrictive laws were passed, Bernard order to arrest the leaders, Circulation Letter was ordered recinded (but it wasn't).
This lead to the British army called in 1768.

North End Settled

History

Inhabited since September 17, 1630.
Oldest residential neighborhood in the city
Puritans—John Wintrop—first settlers
Late 17th century—mansions
Mid-1700’s—mainly tradesmen and shopkeepers, — Paul Revere.
The ethnic character has changed over the years. The the first home to many immigrant groups comin by boat. Lived near where they disembarked
Irish, mid and late 1800s
1920, 90% Ital birth or descent.

Today

The trolley can’t travel through the streets of the North End because they are too narrow.
Today, 30%
Still feels Italian; summer feast/festival every weekend, 100 Italian restaurants and bakeries.

Modern, Mikes, Bovas

Shortest Line is best restaurant

Water front

Wharves—Quincy granite
Urban renewal 1980s on

Paul Revere House

The house

Oldest wooden building in Boston proper
built around 1680.
Built on the site of the Reverend Increase Mather’s house, destroyed in the fire in 1676.
Been stores, a bank and a boarding house.

Paul Revere’s residence

Paul Revere bought it in 1770.
Live with 2 wives and 6 children
Too crowded to barracks troops—allowed Revere to move freely
The Revere house was purchased in 1902 by Revere’s great grandsons to save it from destruction. It was restored in 1907 and opened in 1908 as a museum. It is now on the Freedom Trail and offers self-guided tours.

Paul Revere

Silversmith, a goldsmith, a coppersmith, a dentist, a bell ringer, a bell caster, President of Boston Inspectional services (privies), an entrepreneur and a courier for the Sons of Liberty.
He rode thousands of miles as a courier for the patriot cause to New York and Philly, and including his midnight ride.
Never owned his own horse.
After the Revolution, Paul opened the first copper mill in the US thus making the Copper sheeting that in 1802, was used on the USS Constitution.
He became a wealthy man. Paul Revere died in 1818 having outlived both wives and all but 5 of his children.
Died May 10, 1818. Buried in Old Granary Burial Ground.

Hanover St

Restaurants, bakeries,

Coast GUard Base

Old north church

Christ Church—oldest church in Boston
Opened December 29, 1723.
Episcopalian
Steeple is 197 feet
Robert Newman hung two lanterns, at the request of Paul Revere, on the night of April 18, 1775, to signal to the Charlestown Militia that the British would leave Boston Common “by sea”. (Charles River)
Thousands buried in the crypts below the church
Gallery, sanctuary

Bocci court

Copp Hill

British troops camped during occupation
British cannons aimed at Charlestown.
On June 17, 1775 the British fired upon Charlestown during the Battle of Bunker Hill and consequently burned the town down.

Copp Hill Graveyard

Second oldest in Boston
Commoners but great grave stones—soul effergies
Buried here,
-the Mather’s—Influential Puritan Ministers, Harvard deans
-Robert Newman, hung the lanterns in the Old North Church steeple,
-Prince Hall, the first Black Mason. started the first school for African Americans in Boston
-Daniel Malcolm. The British that were encamped nearby used it for target practice. “a true son of liberty” inscribed on his tombstone.
Many born in 1500s during Queen Elizabeth’s reign

Stop 2

Freedom Trail

A free walking tour, 2.5 miles (one way)
16 historical sites involved in the revolution
Begins at the Boston Common Visitor’s Center and ends at the Bunker Hill Monument-1.5 mile distance
Red line on the sidewalks and streets (sometimes painted, mostly set in red brick)
Bronze signs mark the sites.

Prince Spaghetti Day

Commercial in the North End in the 70s. "Anthony, Anthony"

Paul Revere’s Ride

Summary

The Midnight Ride was the alert to the American colonial militia in April 1775 to the approach of British forces before the battles of Lexington and Concord.
April 18, 1775.
In the preceding weeks, British Army planned a crackdown on the Massachusetts Provincial Congress, in Concord.
Paul Revere and William Dawes prepared the alert—Robert Newman, sexton of Old North Church, used a lantern signal to alert colonists in Charlestown to the Army's advance by way of the Charles River.
Revere and Dawes then rode to meet John Hancock and Samuel Adams in Lexington, ten miles distant, alerting up to 40 other riders along the way.
Revere and Dawes then headed towards Concord with Samuel Prescott.[1] The three were captured by British troops in Lincoln.
Prescott and Dawes escaped but Revere was returned to Lexington and freed after questioning.
By giving the Colonists advance warning of the British Army's actions, the ride played a crucial role in the Colonists' victory in the subsequent battles.

Intro

Paul Revere’s Midnight ride was crucial to the American Revolution. We are now near the place where his ride began.

The ride was made famous by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s famous poem; Listen my children and you shall hear...

He was a poet not a historian, he never let facts get in the way of a good story. Let me tell you the my story titled "The Quarter Past Eleven Ride of Paul Revere, (and William Dawes and 49 other riders.)"

Set Up

In the 1770s, colonists would see themselves as proud British citizens who are being treated unfairly by their beloved king.
By 1775, tensions between the American colonies and the British government had approached the breaking point.
Gage was commander. Ordered to squash the rebellion. He tried to confiscate gunpowder in Somerville and Salem. Unsuccessful.
In April, 1775, Gage wanted his British troops to confiscate guns and ammunition at Concord and to arrest Patriot leaders Sam Adams and John Hancock, hiding at Lexington. But he wanted them to go at night-before anyone knew. Gen Howe hoped to prevent blood shed.
American spies knew this. But they just didn’t know when or how. They were prepared, though.
Earlier in the month, Revere aranged for a signal from the Old North Church—the tallest point in Boston. 1 lantern would be hung if the British were marching out of by Boston Neck, and 2 lanterns would be hung if they were crossing the Charles River to Cambridge.
Then, on the evening of April 18, 1775, British troops snuck out of Boston for Lexington and Concord.
As the British departed, Boston Patriots Paul Revere and William Dawes were ordered to set out from the city to warn Adams and Hancock and rouse the Minutemen.

The race was on

They took separate routes in case one of them was captured:
Dawes left the city via the Boston Neck peninsula.
Revere crossed the Charles River to Charlestown by boat.
Paul Revere stopped by the Old North Church first to ask Robert Newman, to hang two lanterns, as a signal to the Charlestown Militia. — This was a signal from Revere not to him. If he could not get out of Boston, someone from Charlestown would have rode out to warn Adams and Hancock and alert the Minutemen.
At the Boston shore line
Paul Revere came to the shore here to row across to Charlestown.
At that time, there was no bridge across. The only way to get across was by boat.
The Harbor
The British man-of-war Somerset is anchored mid river to keep men like Paul Revere in the city; however, Revere’ sneaked past the ship, thanks to the slow rise of the moon.
At the Charlestown shore line
He came a shore here. Today that is Paul Revere Park.
He walked across the street where Deacon Larkin was waiting with the fastest horse in the area—Brown Beauty
He goes West —If you listen, you can still hear him riding

Hoofs

Revere was not yelling ‘The British are coming’. Instead, “The Regulars are out”.
Revere and Dawes had quietly alerted residents by knocking on the doors of safe houses. Hundreds of Minutemen were alerted and they armed themselves and set out to oppose the British.

Arrive In Lex

Revere arrived in Lexington at 11:30, shortly before Dawes, and they warned Adams and Hancock who escaped to Woburn.
and then went Concord.
Along the way, they were joined by Samuel Prescott, a young Patriot who had been riding home after visiting a lady friend.
Doesn’t sound very Puritan to me but, it was the 70s.
On the way, a British patrol captured them. Prescott escaped and rode on to Concord to warn the Patriots there.
After being questioned for 2 hours, Revere was released when the patrol heard Minutemen alarm guns being fired on their approach to Lexington.

Battles—april 19

About 5 a.m., 770 British troops arrived at Lexington’s green. Colonists on the green—about 80—lead by John Parker
Suddenly, the “shot heard around the world” was fired from an undetermined gun.
When the brief Battle of Lexington ended, 8 Americans lay dead and several others wounded.
The American War for Independance had begun.
Later that day, on the North Bridge in Concord, the militiamen stopped the British. This first instance of Americans fighting in military order and firing to deadly effect on British troops
3 British soldiers killed, 2 colonists.
The british retreated and the colonists harassed them on their retreat back to Boston.
The British lost 273 total; 73 dead, with another 174 wounded and 26 missing in action.
When the British soldiers arrived in Boston, The Siege of Boston began.
This is celebrated as a state holiday known as Patriot’s Day.

Battle Road

British retreated toward Boston.
Sniping from behind trees and stone walls along the road back to Boston, Minutemen brought the British casualty count up to 200, a grievous and embarrassing loss for the powerful, well-equipped forces of the Crown.
and the Revolution began!

Old North Church V2

You’ll see why The Old North Church was such a great signaling spot, for there it is right over the treetops.
lite at 10pm for 4 seconds
40 riders also waiting for the signal and spread the word.

Siege of Boston

The siege began April 19 when the British soldiers arrived in Boston after the Battles of Lexington and Concord,
New England militiamen prevented the movement by land of the British Army, which was garrisoned in the peninsular of Boston
Genral Howe replaced General Gage
By June, 15,000 raw, undisciplined, ill-equipped colonials—by then called the Provincial Army—surrounded a force of 6,500 British regulars commanded by General Thomas Howe.
This threatened to cut off the British supply lifeline from the sea.

C-Town Bridge

Ferry was the way from Boston to Charlestown
1st Bridge between Boston and Charlestown opened in 1786,
1503 feet long and was 30 feet wide had two pedestrian walkways and a center carriageway for horse drawn vehicles.

Stop 3

Bang a U-y Here

USS Cassin Young

Fletcher class destroyer open to the public
restored to her late 1950’s appearance.
Docked here permanently is representative of the ships that were built here at the Navy Yard during WW. II.
A navy commander awarded the Medal of Honor for his valiant actions at Pearl Harbor and died at Guadalcanal.

USS Constitution

Nation’s Ship of State
Oldest Commissioned warship afloat in the world.
Built in Boston, across the harbor where the Coast Guard Station is today, between 1794 &1797
protect American merchant ships from plundering by the Barbary pirates as well as the British and French navies.
Undefeated in all her engagements with the enemy.
Famous battle with the H.M.S. Guerriere, off Nova Scotia during the War of 1812. USS Constitution sank the Guerriere in less than 35 minutes after firing the first shot, making it the shortest naval battle in USS Constitution history.
Sailors was heard to exclaim “Huzzah! Her sides must be made of iron!” since he swore that the cannonballs bounced off the sides of ship
Oliver Wendal Holmes poem ‘Old Ironsides’
Made of 17-to-21-inch Live Georgian Oak, and sheathed in copper, making her very durable.
Several times each summer USS Constitution is brought out into Boston Harbor under tugboat power, the most well-known “turnaround” cruise is on the Fourth of July.
Billie Farrel first woman commander of the ship—Irish decent, from Kentucky

It’s inpsiring. Let’s conquer France

Navy Yard

Was one of the oldest shipbuilding facilities in the United States Navy.
Established in 1801 as part of the recent establishment of the new U.S. Department of the Navy in 1798.
After 175 years of military service, it was decommissioned as a naval installation on 1 July 1974—Richard Nixon; Don’t Blame Me I’m From Massachusetts
Uss Cassin Young / Memorial to Korean war / Memorial to WW2

Bunker Hill battle

Siege of Boston

2 Months after the battle of Lexington and Concord, in June, 15,000 colonials—by then called the Provincial Army—surrounded 6,500 British regulars commanded by General Thomas Gage garrisoned in Boston.
They also threatened to cut off the British supply line from the sea.
General Howe was planning to send troops out from the city to fortify the unoccupied hills surrounding the city, which would give them control of Boston Harbor—Bunker Hill and Dorchester heights
He warned to inhabitants of these areas to evacuate.
June 13, the spies in Boston told the leaders of the colonial forces.

Overnight

1,200 colonial troops built a fort on Breed’s Hill, as well as smaller fortified lines across the Charlestown Peninsula overnight.
(There is still debate over why the Battle was actually fought on Breed’s rather than Bunker Hill.)
A) The military advisors to the colonials convinced them that it would be strategically more advantageous to fortify Breed’s Hill rather than Bunker Hill so that’s exactly what they did.
B) The British reported the battle and theri maps are wrong
C) The colonists didn't know where they were

The Battle

Next day—June 17—the British were shocked to see colonial forces on the Peninsula and immediately attacked
Cannons from Copp’s Hill and ship in the harbor had no affect on the new fort.
British regulars arrived that afternoon.
The minutemen were ordered, “Don’t fire you see the whites of their eyes!” Colonials were very low on ammunition and they wanted to make sure every shot counted.
As the British soldiers attacked, their formations were broken by the uneven terrain.
When the regulars were very close—60 yards, the Americans fired and row after row of the redcoats fell.
There were colonial snipers from Charlestown buildings, too. The British destroyed the city of Charlestown.

The British Army retreated, but attacked the hill again.
The British Army retreated again, and attacked the hill again a 3rd time.
Their third attack was successful because the Patriots finally had run out of ammunition and had to abandoned the hill.
The colonists retreated over Bunker Hill, leaving the British in control of the Peninsula.

Results

The British did take the hill by the day's end and technically the Battle of Bunker Hill was a British Army victory;
BUT, it has always been thought of as a morale victory for the colonists since they held their own against the mighty British army and held to their principles.
The British Army had 2200 soldiers and lost 1054 casualties. 1/4 to 1/3 of all officers in the whole war were killed that day.
The colonials had between 2500-4000 troops on the hill and lost around 400-600 men to death and casualties. Only 30 Patriots were captured as they retreated.
Colonial General Nathaniel Greene was quoted after the battle to have said," I wish we could sell them another hill at the same price".
The fierce fight confirmed that any reconciliation between England and her American colonies was no longer possible.

Why were they successful

The colonists had rifles. They could aim. But took longer to load.
British soldiers had muskets. No aiming but quicker load. 18th century warfare worked well this way.
British had bayonetts
Colonists had British military experience in French and Indian War
Colonists fired at Officers legs (bright red coats) forcing enlisted (dull red coats) to take them off the battle field.

Aftermath

The Continental Congress appointed George Washington as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army from the militias involved in the fighting.
He arrived in Boston to take command in July
Geo Washington forced the British to evacuate March 17, 1776—Evacuation Day.

Common Sense

January 1776, Paine wrote “Common Sense,”
Paine fundamentally changed the tenor of colonists’ argument with the crown when he wrote the following:
“It is absurd for an island to rule a Continent”

And then

July 4, 1776

Bunker Hill Monument

Every June 17th Boston celebrates Bunker Hill Day as a city holiday.
Started in 1825 and took 17 years to complete due to lack of funds.
The monument stands 221 feet high and has 294 steps.
Both the Monument and the Bunker Hill Museum across the street are free and run by the National Park Service.
This monument actually sits on Breed’s Hill.

Bunker Hill Museum

Across from the monument
Run by Nat’l Park Services

City Square Park/Winthrop Settlment

A stop on the Freedom Trail
Spot of the founding of Charlestown in 1628
Land where John Winthrop, leader of Massachusetts Bay Colony and the first governor of Massachusetts, built his home, the Great House site
Park of Great Migration from England—1630–1640
Park honors historical Charlestown figures

John Harvard Mall

died of consumption in 1638,
he donated half his £800 estate and all 300 of his books to a young Cambridge college,
name its school after him.

Warren Tavern

At 2 Pleasant St.
1780
The first building built after the British destroyed Charlestown.
Named for General Joseph Warren,
He was shot in the head and died on the last assault on the Battle of Bunker Hill
he had just been named to Major General by the Massachusetts Provincial Congress, but chose to fight that day as a volunteer on the front lines at the redoubt.
a physician by trade; at the time of his death he was also the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts.
He became inolved after Christopher Seider was killed—he was the doctor for him
Joseph Warren, commander of the Massachusetts troops
President of Committee of Safety
President of Provincial Congress in Western Mass

Zakim Bridge

Widest cable stayed bridge in the United States.
The structure mimics the Bunker Hill Monument and the cables represent the rich sailing history of Boston.
Leonard P. Zakim a civil rights activist, early 60s & 70s.
Dedicated in October of 2002—Bruce Springsteen preformed.

Gridley Locks

Colonel Richard Gridley designed the fortifications on Breed’s Hill for the battle of Bunker Hill.
George Washington’s first Chief Engineer of the Army.
part of the Charles River Dam
pass pleasure boats only between Boston Harbor and the Charles River Basin
A fish ladder that allows fish to get up the to the Charles River.

CHarles River

Molasses

In the ball park, behind the skating rink
Purity Distilling Corporation, parent company was United States Industrial Alcohol
Used molasses as a sugar substitute, to make fine Yankee rum and to produce industrial grade alcohol for the munitions industry in WW1.
Building and Engineering overseen by their accountant. Improperly built and structuraly weak.
tank 50 feet tall 90 feet in diameter, 282 feet around
The tank held 2,300,000 gallons of molasses
Many complaints that it was unsafe. Leaked always
They painted it molasses color
January 1919, still receiving shipments from Cuba even though the war was over
January thaw.
On January 15, the tank, full to the brim with no ventalation, burst, sending a 50 foot wave of sticky goo flooding the area.
The force of the molasses tore down the supports of the elevated railway, demolished buildings (fire station behind it) and drowned or suffocated 21 people and many horses and other small animals.
Property damage ran into the millions
Purity Distilling paid out over a million dollars to settle claims.
Curious sightseers tracked molasses everywhere, leaving a tacky residue on virtually every pay phone and trolley seat in the city!

The Brinks

The Brinks Armored Car Company
Jan 17, 1950, nine men broke into the headquarters and stole $2,500,000.
No one was hurt in the robbery.
There was no break in the case for the FBI until 1956 when Specs O’Keefe, one of the burglars, turned state’s evidence 11 days before the statute of limitations was up.
O’Keefe was arrested for another crime but was a suspect in the Brink’s crime and was convinced by the authorities that his cohorts where spending all his money from the crime.
All men involved were arrested and jailed but even then, only $51,906 was recovered!

Converse Factory

Designing your new favorite Chuckie_Ts at the in-store customization studios.
Ship anywhere

Causway St

“a road or railway on top an embankment usually across a broad body of water or wetland.”
In between the North End and the West End promontories of the peninsula lay the Mill Pond, a marshy cove that filled at high tide and drained out at low tide.

Stop 4

The Garden

Opened on September 30, 1995
Original opened November 17, 1928
17-time World Champion Boston Celtics and parkay floor (easier to move)
most recent in 2008 against the LA Lakers.
6-time Stanley Cup Champion Boston Bruins most recent in 2011

Some of my best friends talk to X fans

Old Garden

Old Garden was located where the parking lot is in front of the TD Garden
First event, was a boxing match between Andre Routis of France and Dick “Honey Boy” Finnegan of Dorchester. (Finnegan won)
First Bruins game was in 1928;
First Celtics game was 1946.
By 1980s, ice would steam up in the spring

Bruins

Who is...

Celebrating 100 years 1924?
1st NHL team from USA?
First NHL game in USA?
betweeen Bruins and Montreal Maroons
Last season, team records—most wins?
most points?
quickest to 50 pts?
quickest to 100 pts?
Who lost in the playoffs?

Bobby Orr audio

Bobby Orr

Orr scored the winning goal in the Stanley Cup game 7, in overtime 1970 against the St. Louis Blues. It is based on a photo that was taken by Ray Lussier just after Orr had scored and then was tripped by Blues defenseman Noel Picard.
Bobby Orr # 4 played 10 years with the Bruins in 657 regular season games and in 74 playoff games.
After the 1972 Stanley Cup hockey exploded in Boston
1980 Olympic winners were 9-12 years old at the time
Mike Eruzione—captian
Jim Craig—Goalie
Jack O'Callaghan—Charlestown
David Silk
Brian Noonan; 1994 Stanley Cup winning Rangers
Keith Tkachuck
Vegas Golden Knights-Jack Eichel

Celtics

Bob Cousey, Bill Russell (Statue in city hall plaza), Larry Bird
Red Aurbach—Statue in Quincy Market
2008 Last championship—Paul Pierce Ray Allen and Kevin Garnet

Other events

Ice-skating, gymnastic events, and high-school and college sports games and wrestling matches.
The circus
Many concerts are held here as well.
1996 NHL All Star hockey game
1998 WrestleMania
2001 & 2014 US Figure Skating Championships
2004 Democratic Convention
2006 NCAA Women’s Final Four
2010 the first MMA Event

My 1st concert was 1978—Stixx

I saw Queen in 1980
Van Halen
Police
Cars
Crosby Stills Nash and Young
Billy Joel
Todd Rundren
Tori Amos—but I didn’t buy the ticket

We are a hockey family

New England Sports Museum

Variety of Boston-area sports memorabilia & artifacts, plus frequent tours.
Bruins, Celtics, Red Sox, Patriots, Marathon, College sports, etc

North Station

Hub Hall: authentically Boston 18 food & drink options.
Public Transportation
Commuter Rail North

Tip O’neil Bldg

Representative (filled in for JFK)
Speaker of the House, ‘77–’87 during Ronal Reagan's presidency
All Politics is Local

The West End

A late 1950s urban renewal project razed the west end and scolley square displacing over 20,000 people to redevelop the area. Today, much of the original area is non-residential.
Leonard Nemoy—Spock—is from here
Boston’s West End was much like the North End—a working poor residential area with scattered businesses and small meandering roads

Long Depression

1927–1967
Shoe Manufacturing went south
Pianos replaced with radios
Garments declined (Wool capital of america)
Banks wouldn’t lend money to city because of corruption
Developers weren’t interested
An economic ghost town; stagnant, high tax rate
Shipping declined—not connected to main US railroads
Immigration declined—less unskilled or low skilled workers
Great Depression
No New Deal money—corruption
Suburban increase-malls, trains commuting, cars
Abandoned waterfront and rail yards
Old dilapidated homes
Massachusetts did well but not Boston
Ethnic rivalries between Irish and Protestants;
Irish grew up with ‘No Irish need apply’ and relationship of gardners and stableboys—degrading social structure
Irish croneyism

New Boston—Hynes

In the 1950s, John B. Hynes and The BHA (BRA) wanted to create a “New Boston” because of decades of cronyism, neglect, economic decline and crumbling infrastructure
the federal government’s Housing Act of 1949 presented the opportunity to remake parts of Boston
First;
Central Artery
Waterfront
New York Streets
Scolly Sq
Tunnel to East Boston
Boston and Worcester RR
and West End
Then;
Boston Common Garage
Barry Corner
South End
New Boston—Hynes

New Boston—Collins

West end redevelopment

The residents were told the redevelopment would be benefit the neighborhood. Narrow streets were a fire hazard and many of the buildings were not up to code.
The plan, however, completely leveled a portion of the West End and displaced 2,700 families. The result was residential high rises, shopping centers and parking lots to increase tax revenues.
Tenants were assured that affordable housing would be found for them, and many were led to believe that they would be able to move back into the West End after the project was complete.
The new development was aimed towards upper middle class residents: most of those displaced would not be able to afford to return.
Starting in 1957, the neighborhood was leveled
The Last Tenement House to survive the urban renewal, 42 Lomasney Way
Attacked by critics for its destruction of a neighborhood and its careless implementation.
One of the main criticisms of the project is that the neighborhood was not considered a slum by the residents, and instead had a strong sense of community.
The destruction of the West End community led to a strong distaste for urban renewal in Boston.

Gov’t Center

In 1960, the BRA gained 56 acres of land under the provision of Federal Urban Renewal legislation and began to develop the Government Center project.
This was one of the most ambitious and creative renewal projects in the country because it consolidated federal, state and city offices.
At the time due to the large displacement of residents from the West End area this was and is considered one of the worst examples of Urban Redevelopment in the country.
Originating with promise and optimism the project is now viewed as a failure both in design and effect on the City.

Museum of Science

Science museum and indoor zoo in Boston, Massachusetts, located in Science Park, spanning the Charles River.
400 Exhibits, Omni theater, Charles Hayden planetarium

Hurley Bldg

1970
the developers ran out of money and where never able to fully complete the building
Vacant lot for 20 years till the built this building

My father parked there

Riddled with serpentine corridors, dark alcoves and elaborate staircases to nowhere.
Lindemann Mental Health Center

The Departed

Police headquarters in the DEPARTED with Mark Wahlberg, Matt Damon, Robert Wahlberg
Based on Whitey Bulger: Organized Crime Boss FBI most wanted for 16 years

Brook Courthouse

Completed in 1999.
There are 18 courtrooms. The Massachusetts Land Court
First Black AG in Massachusetts
and in the United States from 1963 to 1966
First African American to be elected by popular vote to the U.S. Senate., 1967 to 1979.

Boston Public Market

Year-round indoor market with scores of vendors selling local produce, fish, gourmet treats & more.

Hay Market

One of America’s oldest open air markets on weekends
1820
40 independent vendors, historic pubs and restaurants, and ethnic groceries for fresh fruits, vegetables, and seafood.

Holocaust Memorial

Dedicated in October 22, 1995.
6 towers can represent the chimneys of the six major Nazi concentration camps
The glass in each tower is etched with one million, seven-digit numbers, suggestive of the tattoos and to honor the six million people who were put to death
When walking through if you look down it appears that there are embers and ashes below the grates and smoke rises

BlackStone Block

This is the oldest commercial district in the city,
Named after the first European settler in Boston, Reverend William Blackstone.
Once a waterfront business area. Due to the infill of land it is now slightly inland from the waterfront.
Collection of commercial buildings dating from the late 18th and 19th centuries.
In 1983, the surrounding ca. 1676 Blackstone Block Street Network
To walk through the narrow streets and alleys gives you the feeling of what it was like to be in Boston during Colonial times.

Bell In Hand

Oldest continuously operated pub in the country, established in 1795.
The name refers to the original proprietor, Jimmy Wilson, who was Boston’s town crier until 1794.

Union Oyster

1710s— National Historic Landmark building
Opened in 1826, Oldest continuously operated restaurant in America.
Only 3 families have operated the restaurant.
Half round mahogany oyster bar, Daniel Webster sat daily
JFK’s booth is # 18.
The first toothpick in the United States used at the Union Oyster House in November of 1873.

Green Dragon Tavern

Established in 1654
The basement tavern was used by several secret groups and became known by historians as the “Headquarters of the Revolution”.
The Sons of Liberty led by Samuel Adams, Boston Committee of Correspondence and the Boston Caucus each met there.
Membership was secret, but included Samuel Adams, Dr. Joseph Warren, Paul Revere, John Hancock, James Otis, and Benjamin Edes (owner of the influential Boston Gazette).
The Boston Tea Party was planned there
Paul Revere (a Mason) was sent from there to Lexington on his famous ride.
The building was demolished in 1832.[5] A warehouse was subsequently built in its place.[2] On August 19, 1892, a commemorative plaque was placed:[5]

Curley Statues

1980
2 statues; Standing = powerful figure
Sitting = friend to the Irish
four nonconsecutive terms as mayor, twice as congressman and once as governor.
He was in jail in 1904, when he was a city councilman, because he was caught taking a civil service exam for one of his constituents.
He was actually elected to the office of Alderman while serving this jail term.
Although he was somewhat dishonest, Curley is credited with many improvements in the city, including the expansion of Boston City Hospital.
In 1947, while mayor for the fourth time and in his last political office, he would serve time at a federal penitentiary for mail fraud.
Richard Joseph Daley—Chicago
Jimmy Walker—New York
Tom Pendergast—Kasas City
Curley Legacy;
Fiscally irresponsible
Social rivalries
Ethnic tension
Regional insecurity
Parochialism
Corruption
Cronyismwest

My grandmother loved him. My father was impressed with his speaking. Saw him when he ws 10 and influenced him getting into politics.

City Hall

Offices of the mayor of Boston and the Boston City Council
The current hall was built in 1968 in the Brutalist architecture, part of the modernist movement.
Mixed opinions about it
When it was first completed it won several architectural awards
Nov of 2008 Boston City Hall was named by VirtualTourist.com the Ugliest Building in the World. It continues to make one or more of the world’s ugliest building lists yearly.

Customs House

constructed in 1837–47
The tower was added in 1913–15.

Quincy Market

Built 1824-1826,
Designed by Alexander Parris.
Made of Quincy granite,
Named after Mayor Josiah Quincy, mayor when they were built.
The whole area redeveloped in the 70’s.
Over 150 shops and restaurants.
Central corridor devoted entirely to food!
Some of the merchants sell their wares from replicas of the original bull carts used in the market for 150 years.
Today there are over 12 full restaurants and Pubs and 35 colonnade eateries.
Street entertainers
Lots of souveniers

Anything you could possible want with Boston is here

Faneuil Hall

A gift by a wealthy merchant named Peter Faneuil in 1742, to be for public use.
Faneuil Hall has been called “The Cradle of Liberty” many of the events that led up to the Revolution were discussed and debated here.
1st floor is the public market
2nd floor is the Great Hall, where the Sons of Liberty would meet for town meetings (Boston was a town) and debates and naturalizations.
4th floor is the museum of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company.

Grasshopper w-vane

Copper and gold leaf and is a symbol of colonial prosperity.
During the War of 1812, anyone who claimed to be a Bostonian and did not know the shape of the weathervane was an imposter/spy!

The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Mass

Oldest military organization in the Country
Founded in 1638.
3rd oldest in the world (Swiss Guard of Rome and the Honorable Artillery Company of London)
Train the militia units for the defense of the colony.
The first Monday of June, the members elect their captain on the Boston Common a tradition dating back to 1638.

Sam Adams Statue

Mastermind of the Sons of Liberty, a major instigator of many of the events that led up to the American Revolution.
Signer of the Declaratiion of the Independance
Served as Governor of Massachusetts from 1794-1797

State & Congress st

In 1630 the first Puritan settlers, led by John Winthrop, built their earliest houses

John Winthrop delivered a sermon with the expectation that the Massachusetts Bay colony would shine like an example to the world;
"We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all the people are upon us"

John Winthrop Dreamed of a City on a Hill, 1630 to describe the expectation that the Massachusetts Bay colony would shine like an example to the world.
The Puritans came to Charlestown in 1630. After they discovered the water in Charlestown was brackish (salty) and the area was not really habitable (lots of mosquitoes), they took Reverend Blackstone (Blaxton\Blackstone, an Anglican minister and of a recluse, was the only European settler on the Shawmut Peninsula) up on his offer of moving across to the Shawmut Peninsula and settled in the North End area of Boston.
Winthrop built his house here on State St. after moving across the Charles River from Charlestown
Greek Bank is site of the First Meeting House in Boston Built A.D. 1632
By 1636 the thoroughfare was known as Market Street.
Known as King’s Street during revolution
In the 19th century State Street became known as Boston’s primary location for banks and other financial institutions.

Old State House

1713
Oldest public building in Boston.
Wooden Town House that had been built in 1658, and burned down in a fire in 1711
—also destroyed about 100 buildings in the area.
From the balcony, the Declaration of Independence was read to Bostonians, for the first time on July 18, 1776.
Read every year on Fourth of July
Revolutionary Spaces—a museum—where early colonial and revolutionary history happened
Colonial Government,
the Massachusetts Assembly
Royal Governor presided from here,
Boston’s town government
Massachusetts’ state government
City Hall for Boston.
Queen Elizabeth II stood on the balcony at the Bicentennial Celebration on July 11, 1976. In a speech that she gave on that day, the Queen said that Paul Revere, Samuel Adams and other Patriots would be very surprised to see her there.

Stop 5

Washington Street

In honor of George Washington
The first road to connect the small peninsular town of Boston to the mainland
Cross streets change names as they cross it, except Mass Ave and Columbus Ave

Boston Massacre

Cobblestone circle is the site to commemorate the Boston Massacre March 5, 1770

Pre-events

British soldiers occupied Boston since 1768 to support the British officials because of the trouble causes by the taxes from the Townsend Acts.
Brawl at Gray's Ropesworks: A fight between soldiers and workers at the Greys Ropeworks.—Pvt Patrick Walker v William Green
Christopher Seider—1st killed in the American Revolution—he joined a crowd protesting in front of the shop of Loyalist Theophilus Lillie, a loyalist ignoring the boycott. The crowd threw stones that broke Lillie's windows and struck his wife. Ebenezer Richardson was a customs officer who had tried to disperse the crowd. The crowd followed Richardson home to the North End. Richardson fired a gun into the crowd and wounded Seider in the arm and the chest. The boy died that evening.
Samuel Adams arranged for the funeral, which was attended by more than 2,000 people. Seider was buried in Granary Burying Ground, and the victims of theBoston Massacre are buried nearby.
Seider's killing and large public funeral fueled public outrage, which reached a peak in the Boston Massacre 11 days later. Richardson was convicted of murder that spring but received a royal pardon and a new position within the customs service on the grounds that he had acted in self-defense. This became a major American grievance against the British government.

The event

The trouble started at 3 blocks down at the Custom House. A single sentry on duty —Pvt White— was harassed by locals
Hundreds of Bostonians were out because of a small fire in the neighborhood. A church bell was rung normally as a fire alarm on weekdays
The nights guard came out—8 pvts and Captian Preston
They all moved up to the townhouse at this site.

Bells

By this time hundreds of Bostonians were out because the bell was being rung again.
Rocks and snowballs flew. The crowd became agitated with verbal exchanges and taunts being tossed back and forth by both sides.
People kept yelling “Fire!”
One soldier — Hugh Montgomery — was hit in the head by a club and fell to the ground. He fired into the crowd in a panic.
Soon, more shots followed and 2 colonials lay dead, 3 died later

Aftermath

John Adams (2nd Cousin of Sam Adams) defended the nine British soldiers brought to trial. All pleaded self-defense, 7 were acquitted, and 2 were found guilty of manslaughter. Both men were branded on the thumb with an M.
For the 5 who died, it was horrible. But, it wasn’t very massacery—sorry massacre victims
But the Patriots used this event as propaganda against the British to further their cause. They published pamphlets and made protests, Each year there were speeches and dinners to commemorate the event.
This event caused colonists to question their Englishness and started to turn their sentament against the King.
Colonists started to question loyalties the King.

Colonial Jail

Opened in 1635
Soldiers from the Boston Massacre
So many people charged with witchcraft during the Salem trials many were sent here to Boston to await trail
Captain William Kidd was here 1699 before being sent back to England to be tried, convicted and hung for piracy.

What’s the pirates favorite letter—the C

steaming kettle

1873
Part of Scollay Square
Originally an advertising sign for the Oriental Tea Company

Tremont St

A variation of one of the original names of the city, “Trimountaine”
Reference to a hill that had 3 peaks used to expand Shawmut Peninsula. Pemberton Hill, Mt. Vernon, and Beacon Hill.

Kings chapel burial ground

Oldest in Boston, 1630
William Dawes, famous midnight ride
John Winthrop, the first governor of the Mass Bay Colony
Mary Chilton, the first woman to step off the Mayflower onto Plymouth Rock,
The oldest remaining tombstone in downtown Boston ,William Paddy, 1658.
Bell was cast by Paul Revere and still rung by hand.
The Cage is not for devils and goblins, but for the subway

Tremont Temple

1st integrated church in the Country in 1839; Blacks and Whites could share the same pew.
1st church in Boston not to sell pews by subscription
The congregation bought the former building on this site, also named the Tremont Temple; it was a famous Boston theater.
Charles Dickens read from A Christmas Carol here in December 1867, and people lined up in the cold for hours, waiting to buy tickets.
The Black Nativity is performed here yearly.

Granary Burial Ground

3 signers of the declaration of Independance;
Samuel Adams

Great Baked Beans in the Beantown Pub

The only place on earth you can toast Sam Adams with a Sam Adams

beside him to the left 5 men killed in the Boston Massacre.
Robert Treat Paine.
John Hancock (his gravestone is the tall one against the church)
Popular legend states that he signed his name bigger than everyone else’s so that the “fat old King could read it without his spectacles”
“Franklin” is the marker for Ben Franklin’s parents.
Paul Revere is buried towards the back.
Elizabeth Goose commonly known as America’s Mother Goose, her son-in-law in 1719 printed her nursery rhymes.
Phyllis Wheatly
James Otis: “Taxation without Representation is Tyranny.” From a speech before the British Court in Massachusetts regarding the Writs of Assistance.
9 former governors of Massachusetts Bay Colony

Park Street Church

Completed in 1810, on the site of the town granary.
Old Granary was where grain was stored for the town.
On these steps on July 4, 1831 a children’s choir sang “America” (My Country ‘tis of Thee) for the first time. written by Dr. Samuel Francis Smith

America .

Park St. Church was the tallest building in the U.S. from 1810 to 1845 and the tallest building in Boston till 1867.

1st Subway

Horse drawn street cars, then all electric and converged on downtown to create havoc
Park street to Arlington—1897
Park Street to North Station—1898
Elevated to Charlestown 1901
To East Boston 1904
To Roxbury 1908
London, Glasgow, Budapest
4 main lines, color coded.
Green Line to suburbs=green grass and trees
Blue Line under Boston harbor=blue water
Red Line to Cambridge=Harvrad Crimson
Orange Line=Under Orange street

Boston Common

Oldest public park in America
Purchased by the Puritans from William Blackstone in 1634, an Anglican minister and of a recluse, was the only European settler on the Shawmut Peninsula
Of the original 50 acres, 48 acres remain as a park to this date,
The Puritans taxed themselves 6 shillings from each household for a total of 30 pounds to pay for this land,
Used as a common area for cattle grazing and a training-ground for the militia.
Use for public punishments and hangings until 1817.
Cattle on the Common were disallowed in 1830
Burial
Parkman Bandstand, had many concerts such as conductor was John Phillips Sousa and Shakespeare in the Park.
Planted trees in early 1720s as a Mall
Paved paths fire in 1830s for a park

beacon hill

Named for a beacon —a pole with tart in a bucket—that was once placed on its top to warn of the coming of pirates and other enemies. The Beacon was never lit.

Bullfinch development, 1830—1870

Nichols House-55 Mt Vernon is a museum
Smith Court-Holmes Alley has a fake house front
5 Pickney Street is oldest house
87 Mt Vernon is Bulfinch house
Up Mt Vernon/Pinckney St. is a private square— Louisburg Square, Boston’s most exclusive neighborhood. John Kerry, Former Secretary of State, resides up in Louisburg Square.

Louisburg Square

Named for the battle of Louisburg, taking French fort in Nova Scotia 1745
A private square with a Park in the middle built in 1830s tp 1840s
One of the most exclusive neighborhoods, townhouses = $15000000.
Luisa May Alcott / John Singleton Copley / John Kerry / Theresa Heinz / Charles Bullfinch

Acorn St

One of the most photographed streets in the city

Athens of America—1820s–1850s

Like ancient Athens, Boston would be a city of great statesmen, wealthy patrons, inspiring artists, and profound thinkers, headed by members of the "happy and respectable classes" who would assume responsibility for the safety, welfare, and education of the "less prosperous portions of the community."

Boston Brahmins

Boston Brahmins-40 tight knit, elite, genteel, highly educated, wealthy families
Wealth from shipping and manufacturing around New England
The new America developed it's own writing style and by mid century, Boston was a leader in the American Literary Renassaince
Social reformers for poor and alcoholics and women and crime, abolistionists, suffragets, Transcendentalists

The birthplace of American Literature

Sylvia Plath—9 willow
Robert Frost—88 Mt Vernon
Louisa May Alcott—10 Louisburg Sq
Nathanial Hawthorne—54 Pickney
Henry David Thoreau—4 Pickney St
Henry James—102 Mount Vernon St
Oliver Wendall Holmes—3 Bosworth St
Robert McClosky
Kahlil Gibran—108 Mt Vernon St
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Old Corner Bookstore, Publishing house; Walden, Little Women, Paul Revere’s Ride, or The Scarlet Letter
https://bostonlitdistrict.org/map/

State House

Designed in 1795 by Charles Bulfinch.
Bulfinch also designed the State Capitals in Maine and Connecticut and the Capital Building in Wash D.C.
15 white horses, one for each state, pulled the cornerstone up the hill where Governor Samuel Adams and Paul Revere presided over its laying.
The total cost of construction was $133,333.33. This by the way was way over budget
The building was completed and open for service in 1797.
The cod became a symbol of pride and a carving of a cod. The Sacred Cod can be found in the House Chamber at the State House and the House will not meet if the Sacred Cod is not present.
The Senate Chamber houses the Holy Mackerel a carving of the Mackerel.

Gold Dome

Originally wooden whitewashed shingles.
Shingles leaked, so in 1802 the dome was covered with copper from Paul Revere’s copper rolling mill
Gilded in 1861.

Gov stuff, colonist stuff, patriot stuff

Mary Dyer Statue

A Quaker.
The Puritans banned her 3 times
Return a 4th time, hanged on Boston Common in1660.
A tribute to her bravery for religious freedom. This shows the lack of tolerance that the Puritans had for other religions.

Anne Hutchinson

Religious.

General Hooker Statue

Civil War.

Horace Mann Statue

Educator.

Daniel Webster

Orator.

John F. Kennedy

President.

Bullfinch Eagle

Designed by Bulfinch in 1789 for the American Revolution.
The 60-foot height is the original hieght
The hill was used for landfill projects
On the site of the original Beacon for which the hill is named—a large bucket of tar on a tall pole that could be lit and used as a signal to warn the surrounding areas of Indian, pirate or foreign country attack. The Beacon was never lit!

Mass Fallen Firefighters Memorial

Dedicated in 2007
Displayed 870 names, as of September 2014

Mass Law Enforcement Memorial

340 names of law enforcement officers who lost their lives in the line of duty inscribed on the memorial.

122 Bowdoin st, JFK

JFK Speech

John F. Kennedy’s voting address
From the time he was elected to Congress in 1946 till he was killed in Dallas.
The actual apartment is over the coffee shop, #36.
This is part of the 11th Congressional district. Former Reps;
John Quincy Adams
James Michael Curley
Tip O'Neill
John FitzGerald lived around the corner.
His nephew Joe Kennedy (Robert Kennedy’s oldest son) represented Mass 4th—brookline
John Fitzgerald Mass house of reps
Voted at Old West Church

Scollay Square

Red light district—pubs, taverns, tattoo parlors, burlesque theaters, arcades, nightclubs and amusement centers.
Well known by sailors and soldiers from all over the world.
Old Howard Theatre;
Fanny Brice, Abbott & Costello, Phil Silvers, Marx Brothers.
In 1962 the entire area was demolished for the new government center project.

Alex Graham Bell

His laboratory where he perfected the telephone
Rumour was he wanted to invent an intercome so he didn’t have to get up to talk to his wife.
His mother was deaf. Wanted to invent something to aid hearing.
The building was torn down in 1920, but the phone company here in Boston took apart the laboratory and reassembled it in their lobby in the financial district.
the word decibel, a measurement for sound, come from Bell’s name

What is his 2nd greatest invention? The 2nd telephone.

The Culture of Invention in Boston

Since colonial times, New England has been held in high international regard for its industry, technology, and spirit of inventiveness. The Boston area is among the most innovative locales in the region. "Yankee ingenuity," a term that strongly evokes the New England character, reflects traditions of invention and craftsmanship that emerged in and around Boston over a period of more than three centuries. Boston provided a nurturing environment for the inventive imagination.
In 1659, Joseph Jencks, a Boston metalworker developed an early version of the fire truck, which he called "an Ingine to carry water in case of fire."
In about 1721, local minister Cotton Mather—perhaps best known for his role in the witchcraft trials—was among the first in America to support Dr. Boylston in experiments with variolous inoculation for smallpox.
During and after the American Revolution, a number of Boston area engineers and entrepreneurs sprang from the ranks of colonial metalworkers, carpenters, shipbuilders, and other tradesmen.
Paul Revere established a powder mill south of Boston.
In the first half of the nineteenth century, new and emerging technologies led to the rise of large-scale industrial enterprises such as mills, textile plants, and manufacturing companies producing a wide range of commodities from improved metal wire to musical instruments.
Elias Howe, responsible for industrial-scale sewing machines;
Lyman R. Blake and Gordon McKay, who produced leather-stitching machines;
Ichabod Washburn, a wire manufacturer;
Jonas Chickering, who mass produced pianos.
Two of Howe's uncles were inventors—one developed the spring bed, another the truss-type bridge.
Lewis Temple, a New Bedford blacksmith, revolutionized the whaling industry with his introduction of the "toggle harpoon" in 1848.
Boston's reputation as a center of commercial activity and technical innovation was firmly established by the time of the Civil War. While the competition was fierce, it was a place where young, intelligent, energetic men returning from armed conflict might find opportunities for professional advancement in commerce, engineering, and industry.
Alexander Graham Bell, the legendary telephone inventor
Elihu Thomson, who developed electric welding, arc lighting, electric street railways, and stereoscopic x-rays.
Early in his career, Edison himself had worked for a brief period in Boston (beginning around 1868), and it was there that he produced his first patentable invention, a voting machine. While in Boston, Edison also worked on improving stock ticker and duplex-telegraph devices.
Boston in the 1860s and 1870s was a city where a number of firms concerned with patenting and invention sprang up. This proliferation of the "inventing business" was a reflection, in some measure, of a national emphasis placed on technical innovation and individual rights from the time President George Washington signed the nation's first Patent Act on April 10, 1790. Yet even in the U.S. Constitution, the intrinsic prerogative of an inventor to profit from his inventions had been recognized in Article I, Section 8, which empowered Congress "to promote the progress of science ... by securing to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries." The original Patent Act established and modified a central registry system under the U.S. Patent Office and developed guidelines for claims and challenges. The system created such a complex legal scenario that by the middle of the nineteenth century, lawyers had developed practices and clienteles dealing primarily, sometimes even exclusively, with patent issues.
Boston's financial and legal district was dotted with legal practices of this type.
Another important element in the culture of invention was the machine shop, which specialized in helping inventors develop ideas into useful products. The machine-shop tradition grew out of the large number of mathematical, optical, clock, and electrical instrument makers in Boston before the Civil War.
Telegraph inventor Samuel Morse had entrusted the manufacture of some of his first instruments to a Bostonian, Daniel Davis, in 1844. Boston subsequently became a major center for telegraph production. Daniel Davis's shop was later run by Thomas Hall, who was an important manufacturer in Boston during the early 1870s.
Furthermore, the concept of the machine shop expanded to encompass development of prototypes for inventions of all kinds.
Like the multipurpose firms that offered engineering, surveying, and legal services, machine shops frequently helped inventors access professional assistance with patents.
Legal firms and machine shops operated side by side with commercial ventures interested in the purchase, marketing, and distribution of patents and patented goods. Some such ventures were respectable, with staff that understood and carried through the difficult, often intricate work of bringing an invention to fruition.
Invention may have been primarily a business venture, a matter of entrepreneurship and technical skill, but it was also influenced by scientific and technological traditions developed by the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard University and by The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), then located in the heart of Boston's Back Bay. MIT had been founded in 1861 in part to improve on the work of the Lawrence Scientific School, which had been in operation since 1847 with an emphasis on engineering, industry, and shipping. William Barton Rogers, MIT's founder, chose Boston as the site for his school partly because of the city's longstanding traditions of invention and innovation. He sought to provide a sound academic basis for technological work. This confluence was well exemplified by Alexander Graham Bell—both an inventor and former teacher at Boston University—whom Rogers invited to demonstrate his telephone apparatus at MIT.
Beginning in the late 19th century, this tradition evolved into a multilayered blend of individual tinkerers, commercial-industrial complexes, and academic research groups.
Jan Matzeliger, another African American, patented in 1883 a "lasting machine" that revolutionized the shoe industry and was subsequently developed by a multimillion dollar conglomerate, the United Shoe Machinery Company.
In Cambridge, Massachusetts, Arthur D. Little pioneered contract research and management consulting when, in 1886, he opened a lab specifically intended to bridge the gap between scientific theory and technological practice—a concept that led to great success in the twentieth century, with lucrative patents on artificial silk, nonflammable movie film, salt-water conversion, computerized reservation systems, and other innovations.
King Camp Gillette patented in 1895 a razor with a disposable blade and built a factory for mass production. Gillette came up with the idea while shaving.
A Harvard freshman named Edwin Land left college in the 1920s to work on a process for polarizing glass. He accomplished this goal in 1929 and started what later became the Polaroid Company, which produced glare-free desk lamps, sunglasses, stereoscopic movies, and in 1947 the path-breaking instant camera, which snapped and developed photographs in minutes.
In 1928, Vannevar Bush, an MIT professor, created one of the first mechanically operated analog computers. Bush's machine was succeeded by a prototype digital computer, developed at Harvard University in 1944, and then by the "Whirlwind," the first vacuum-tube "real time" computer with operational core memory, at MIT in 1945.
The subsequent growth and development of Route 128 established a ten-mile radius around Boston as a nucleus of the computer and electronics industry.
In addition, Boston evolved into a center for biotechnology, a discipline that has expanded rapidly in the 1980s and 1990s, promising advances in medicine and other fields.
Harold Edgerton (developer of the stroboscope and high-speed photography)
Raymond Kurzweil (whose "smart machines" use principles of artificial intelligence to translate type into audio speech for blind readers)
John Hays Hammond, Jr. (inventor of the push-button radio)
Percy Spencer (who developed radar detection and microwave technology)
Oliver Chase (creator of the automatic candy making machine).
The atmosphere of bustle, excitement, and anticipation—as creative minds search for solutions to problems in cyberspace, genetics, and a host of other disciplines—matches if not supersedes the frenetic activity that Latimer encountered during his decade working as an inventor and patent draftsman in Boston.

old west church

1737 a wooden church structure was built
In the 1770’s the British used the building to house soldiers here in Boston.
1775, British destroyed the building. they thought the steeple was being used for communication between Colonial sympathizers in Boston and the Continental Army in Cambridge.
Current church built in 1806.
1960’s a branch of the Boston Public Library and a polling place and on Election Day in 1960, JFK accompanied by his wife Jackie cast his vote
Now a day care center

Harrison Gray otis house

Designed by Charles Bulfinch
built 1795-1796.
Three houses that Bulfinch designed for Otis on Beacon Hill.
Mayor of Boston, U.S. Senator and a descendent of James Otis

Beacon Hill North Slope

Prior to the Civil War Boston had the largest population of Free Blacks in America.
One of the stops on the Underground Railroad.
The Abolitionist Movement started here.
The Black Heritage Trail is a walking tour through Beacon Hill. Houses and alleys that served as stops on the Underground Railroad as well as homes of prominent Black residents.

MGH

Founded in 1811
One of the best in the world.
The city’s largest employer providing over 14,000 jobs
The largest hospital based research program in the U.S.
First successful appendectomy—1886
Severed limb was reattached—1962.
First Department of Social Services—1905
First used in a medical school’s training program—Harvard University

Eather Dome

Down North Anderson Street is the surgical amphitheater known as the Ether Dome, designed by Charles Bulfinch
Between 1821 and 1868, more than 8,000 operations were performed in the Ether Dome. Today it is a teaching amphitheater and historical landmark.
Dr. William Morton, 1846, demonstrated the first public surgery using anesthetic (ether)

Charles St jail

1851 in the shape of a cross, which allowed for every cell to have daylight at some point during the day.
Closed in 1990.
The building is now the Liberty Hotel.
Former jail in their décor
Restaurants named the Clink and the Catwalk
Bar named the Alibi that is in the original ‘Drunk Tank”.
Malcolm Little (Malcom X), Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Boston Mayor James Michael Curley, Martha Foley, German WW2 prisoners.
Used to have to pay to get out. Now you pay to get in.

Charles St STation

How to get to Cambridge
MBTA Red Line to Harvard Sq Station

Longfellow bridge

1910
Replacing the Old West Bridge, which was built in 1793.
Named for the poet
“Salt and Pepper Bridge,” because the support structures resemble old-fashioned salt and pepper shakers.
This bridge crosses the Charles River, which separates Boston from Cambridge.

Charles river

Boundary between Boston and Cambridge;
In 1614, Captain John Smith (of Pocahontas fame) originally named the river the Massachusetts River (after the local Indian Tribe). The name was changed to the Charles River by then Prince Charles who, in 1625, became King Charles I.

Play Dirty Water

Cambridge

MIT
City of Squares
Harvard Square has restaurants, shops and things to do
How do you get to Harvard? Study or just take the red line.

Charles street

Savenors

Best in prime beef, heritage pork, domestic lamb, naturally raised poultry, and game
Place where Julia Child (The french Chef) shopped

That 19th centruy Charm

The Flat of Beacon Hill—filled in 1805
Antique Row; there are over 30 antique shops and consignment stores
To the right was a tidal marsh; this area was filled in with dirt from the top of the hill to extend Beacon Hill.
The street to retain their 19th century charm
You’ll notice that you don’t see neon signs or electric lights on the outside of any of the buildings. many of the shopkeepers maintain the medieval tradition of putting a symbol of what they sell on their signs.
Legend has it that these lamps have been lit 365 days a year, 24 hours a day since 1912 when the city fired the lamplighter because it was cheaper to leave the lamps running than to pay him every day!
All the other original buildings on the right side of the street had 8 to 10 feet of their fronts removed to accommodate the process of widening the street.

Stop 6

charles st meeting house

Building was moved 15 feet to the right towards the Charles River, when Charles Street was widened.
This is reflected on the cornerstone with the dates 1921/1807.
Baptisms were performed in the Charles River right out the door of the church before the landfill project

Mt Vernon ST

Up Mt Vernon/Pinckney St. is a private square— Louisburg Square, Boston’s most exclusive neighborhood. John Kerry, Former Secretary of State, resides up in Louisburg Square.
Original Mansions and museums

Delucas Market

We’re a historic, family-owned specialty grocery store

boston strangler

One of the scariest times in Boston History happen up ahead.
In the early 1960s, 13 women were killed by the Boston Strangler.
His last victim, Mary Sullivan, was found dead in the second floor apartment above the Paramount Deli, on January 4, 1964.
The police arrested Albert DeSalvo, and he was conviced of the murders.
However, his guilt remains a mystery to this day.
If you would like to hear more about this and many other stories of the “darker” side of Boston you might be interested in the Ghost & Gravestones Tour. It runs April through October and is by reservation only so call for dates and times. It is part on the trolley and part walking through a couple of the burial grounds in Boston. Please see a sales rep or me at the end of the tour for more information.

Boston Common

Oldest

Boston Public Garden

Oldest botinical garden

Stop 7

Bull & Finch

NBC wanted to create a new sit-com based on a typical American neighborhood bar. After visiting half a dozen bars around the Boston, because of our reputation for sports and politics being very hot issues in bars, they chose this one as their setting for the show.

Cheers

September 30, 1982
top-rated show for the next 12 seasons.
The inside of the bar doesn’t look like the TV show;
filmed on a soundstage in Hollywood.
all the exterior shots were taken here in Boston.
exact replica set bar on the second floor here at Cheers where they do know your name.

Did they know your name?

I had a cruch on Dianne. But, my celebrity girlfriend was Stevie Nicks.

Did I tell you about my Uncle Murph? I’m not gonna drink anymore...

Esplanade, Hatch shell

The Charles River to the right
A park along the river so people walk, jog, bike or picnic—The Esplanade
the Hatch Memorial Shell, an outdoor concerts, show, and movie theatre.
On the 4th of July, Keith Lockhart and the Boston Pops give their free concert.
1812 overture introduced by Arthur Feilder. Requested it year after year.
1/2 million people in attendance in boats on the Charles River, and along its banks on both sides of the Charles River

And fireworks...

1812 Overture

Back Bay

Arlington St

Intro

In front of us is the Back Bay. Back Bay is one of the largest examples of Victorian style Rowhouses in the country.
This is one of my favorite part of the city. I love the architecture here. And I love the history of this neighborhood.
Take a look at the windows, doors, stairs, and fences. Mansard roof, which is where the roofline extends down over the top floor, it was a fashionable style coming out of France at the time. Also each foor was taxed so it cut down on taxes

Gibson House

The house was completed in 1860
Charles Hammond Gibson died in 1954 and left his house and original furnishings as a museum.
It’s a time capsule of domestic life in Victorian Boston in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

The Name Back Bay

Called Back Bay because up until the early 1800s, is was the back of Boston harbor. Boston harbor was in the east, then the peninsular of Boston and the Back Bay.
It’s where 3 rivers emptied to create the Charles River basin. It started around Cheers and went 1 mile in front of us and 1/2 mile South—600 acres.
The section you see today was the largest landfill project in the US in the 18th century for comm and residential purposes.

Started with the Mill dam

The Charles river is a tidal river. 200 years ago, this area would fill with water at high tide and empty at low tide.
Also, it took trash, sewerage and debris with it each time.
In 1821, a Dam was built in hopes to power 80 Mills. But it only created enough power for 4 Mills.
It was an economic failure. Many investors lost a lot of money
The actual earthwork and seawall of the dam can still be found under Beacon Street.

Boston changes—1830s–1840s

POLLUTION: The dam cut this area off from the tides that cleaned all the sewerage that was poured into the river. So it became a cesspool and a health hazard.
Industrial revloution: Bostonians became rich off mills in East Mass.
RAILROADS: created more congestion and pollution
MORE FACTORIES, LESS LIVING SPACE
IRISH POTATO FAMINE; 200k Irish arrive in a 5 year period desperately poor, and suffering from starvation and disease and overwhelm the city. Pop 1845—99k, 1880—383k
The Irish should have gone to any other city in the World than Boston. It was the most unwelcoming place on earth for them. The residents here were known as the Boston Brahims—50 rich Yankee Protestants families decendant from the Puritans who were highly educated and politically connected.
EXODUS OF NATIVES: Population was growing BUT Bostonians fleed the city. Protestant getting away from the overcrowdedness, the pollution, and the Irish. Street cars made it easy to commute

Boston crisis—late 1840s-1850s

Diseases were caused by stagnant Mill Dam, so they thought.
Exodus was taking taxes $ with them
Foriegn population must be prevented from dominating Boston—Irish = 47% population

City planning-grids

To solve these problems, a landfill project was conceived as an exclusive, residential-only area for Boston’s wealthy citizen—filling in the Back Bay
Gilman designed it. George Goss and Norman Munson developed it
They employed a brand new philosophy in city planning called...city planning. Unlike downtown Boston.
Downtown Boston was a colonial style town. They say the street were paved over old cow paths. Streets were not planned, they just happened. They had to work around the lanscape. The shortest or easiest route to a place became the road.
The Back Bay was laid out in a grid like pattern with the main streets running east and west and
Every street crossing it north and south is in alphabetical order beginning at the Public Garden with Arlington and going west,

Landfill

This was the largest landfill project in the 18th century—600 acres
Start in 1857, trains 24/7 delivered landfill from Needham, Mass.–14 miles west by train. People believed diseases came from dirt and garbage. So, you had to use the right earth.
The Steam shovels would distribute the land—two new inventions of the time
Starting by Arlington Street, block by block was filled in from 1857 to 1890.
This was called the ‘New Land’.

Brownstones

As soon as they were avaible, lots were bought by weathy Bostonians and built their homes. They owned from top to bottom.
Nineteenth-century technology used a system of submerged timbers provided an understructure for most South End buildings. Each home had 2000 wood pilings to keep it from sinking into the mud. These were full trees from a forest in Maine.
The brownstone is a stone that was found abundantly along the Connecticut Valley River it was porous and easily carved.
Land set aside for culture—library, museums, etc
Commercial buildings were permitted from around 1890

Life style

These were the wealthies families in Massachustts. Servants lived on the top floors and worked in the cellar. Similar to Downton Abby or Howards Endor Upsatirs Downstairs until WW1
Most servants were Irish

Only talk to us to say “Hey Paddy, you missed a spot.”

20th century

1920s cars cause people to leave the city.
1930s—1960s great economic depression in Boston
1960s-1970s—New Boston; Prudential built a building in Boston and started the turn around. The Mall at Pru tried to bring people back to the city from the suburban malls.

Today

Most are apartments, condos, dormitory, colleges and universities, museums, modern buildings, high end shopping, galleries, and social clubs in the once magnificent mansions.
Federally protected area so the exteriors cannot be changed.
Water table need to stay high so wood pilings don’t rot out. Older drainage pipes are leaking and causing it to go down
Mass Ave

Former Residence

Isabella Stewart Gardner address is no longer in existance here on Beacon Street
Tom Brady

You think I care, I don’t care.

Booker Mansion and dog

Charles River-20th Century

Most polluted river and harbor.
Federal act of Congress to clean it up.
Dirty Water.
Kids give me grief during Covid
Gov Bill Weld announced clean.

Citgo sign

Citgo Services sign was located on the same site it had been installed in 1945.
A landmark here in Boston since 1965
nationally recognized from its appearances on TV during Red Sox baseball games.
2005 the sign’s neon was replaced with LED.

In Kenmore Square, start of Boston University campus.
founded in 1839.
Largest college in Boston.
The school mascot; the Boston Terrier his name is Rhett.

Church court condos

A church until 1978, when a fire destroyed the interior
The congregation sold to Architects
Now a condo complex

Mass Ave

Goes out to Lexington and Concord
Follows British troop movement April 1775

Harvard Bridge

The Massachusetts Avenue Bridge, called the Harvard Bridge.
On the Cambridge side of the Harvard Bridgeis M.I.T.!
The Harvard Bridge was built before M.I.T. move to Cambridge in 1916. this was the most direct route from Boston to Harvard University.

smoots

Since we are this close to MIT, lets do some math. Put your math hat on.
The Bridge is 24,414 inches, how many feet is that? — 2,034 feet.
How many yards? —678 yards.
How many meters?—?
How many Smoots?—364.4 and an ear

The bridge is measured on the sidewalk.
These date back to 1958.
Oliver Smoot was a freshman attending M.I.T. in 1958.
he was pledging the fraternity, so he had to measure the Harvard Bridge with an unknown form of measurement.
He chose his body. He lay on the sidewalk and with the help of some friends the spot was marked and he went up and down, up and down, up and down eventually lifted or dragged up and down the entire length of the bridge.
The official measurement is written on the sidewalk at either end of the bridge, it is 364.4 SMOOTS plus an ear! In case you’re wondering, a SMOOT is exactly sixty-seven inches his ear is considered “confidential” information.
the Cambridge police department requested that the markings stay, as they were routinely used in police reports to identify locations on the bridge.

ames mansion

Original design was by H.H. Richardson,
The home was built by Oliver Ames, whose family made their money in shovel manufacturing. From 1887-1890 Oliver Ames served as governor of Massachusetts.
Ames Shovels were first made here in Massachusetts in 1774 and are still produced to this day. Ames is one of the country’s oldest companies.

Comm Ave

Main street through the back bay
The park that runs down the middle: the Commonwealth Mall.
There are many statues in the Mall: Alexander Hamilton, Samuel Eliot Morrison and even a former Argentina President Domingo Sarmiento.
The architecture along the street is beautiful and diverse.
Considered by Winston Churchill to be one of the prettiest streets in the world

emerald necklace

This park is a link in the Emerald Necklace, which is the park system designed in part by Frederick Law Olmsted.
The Necklace consists of a string of 9 continuous parks starting at the Boston Common and continuing through the Public Garden, stretching up the Commonwealth Mall to the Back Bay Fens to the Riverway, Olmsted Park, Jamaica Pond, Arnold Arboretum and Franklin Park a total of approximately 7 miles.

harvard club

Founded in 1908, by 3 alumni of Harvard
In 1921 they built their building here on Commonwealth Ave.

eliot hotel

Built 1925
Hosted the Boston Marathon’s Pasta Dinner for the runners the evening before the race.
Now the dinner is held at one of the convention centers.

Newbury street

Over 300 shops and restaurants, including exclusive men and women’s shops, art galleries, antique stores,elegant boutiques, bookstores, hair salons, restaurants, cafes and hotels.
Shreve, Crump & Low, is the oldest purveyor of luxury goods in North America, responsible for trophies such as the Davis Cup and the Cy Young Award.
Beautiful 19th century brownstones-originally homes.
Because of its numerous upscale boutiques and shops, it has earned a reputation as one of the most expensive streets in the world
This is the street to “see and be seen on” here in Boston

Even though there is a TJ Maxx on the corner

Fenway Park

Oldest professional baseball fields in the United States.
2004, 2007, 2013 & 2018 World Series Champions, the Boston Red Sox.

Carlton Fisk

Sweet Caroline

Built in 1912
Red Sox won the first world series—1903, and again 1912, 15, 16, 18.
First owners John Taylor also owned the Boston Globe. Changed name from Boston Americans to Red Sox
Prior to 2004 World Series victory; the Red Sox had not won the series since 1918.
86 year drought-curse of the Bambino. Owner Harry Frazee sold to finance a play.
You can tour Fenway’s field and stands and see the manual score board that is still in use.
It is a short 20-minute walk down to Fenway from our next stop.
Fenway Park’s winning opening day game over the New York Highlanders, (later to become the dreaded New York Yankees).
Another unique feature of the park is the 37- foot left field wall known affectionately as “the Green Monster”.
Babe Ruth
Cy Young
Ted Williams
Carl Yaz
David Ortiz
Roger Clemens
Fenway hosts Frozen Fenway addition to the hockey games and open skate sessions sledding and tubing is here.

symphony hall

Built in 1900
home to the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Boston Pops.
A Harvard physicist by the name of Wallace Clement Sabine (Say-Bine), helped design the building to ensure that it had great acoustics. The seats and tables in the hall are original and cannot be changed due to the design for the acoustics. Seats can be repaired or recovered but that is all.
Street noise cannot be heard due to the box within a box design of the Hall.
Symphony Hall is particularly popular during the holiday season for the world-famous Boston Pops Holiday Concerts.

Berklee Performance Center &
the Berklee College of Music

Largest independent music college in the country
4400 students.
As of 2021 a total of 330 Grammys have been award to alumni with an addition 108 Latin Grammys received.
Some of the famous alumni include:
Quincy Jones,
John Mayer,
Bruce Hornsby,
Pat Methany,
Paula Cole,
Melissa Etheridge,
Branford Marsalis,
Meghan Trainer,
some members of Aerosmith
Imagine Dragons.
Lawrence Berk founded Berklee in 1945; he named it after his son Lee.
Lawrence and Lee both served as presidents of Berklee.

My aunt wanted to be a singer. She was horrible. One day my sister finally said “Auntie Murph, You should sing solo. Solo that noone can hear you.”

the pru

Computer industry was taking off, take advantage of tech boom in 1960s, made to resemble a computer board
This is the second tallest building in Boston.
749', 52 floors, 1964
The building was completed in 1965, not only was it the tallest building in Boston, but it was the tallest building on the mainland United States (Since Manhattan is an island).
The ‘New Boston’
Developed the new service econmoy—health, research, finance, education, high tech, tourism—white callar

Boston fire station

The Boston Fire Department was founded in 1638, first paid municipla department
Engine 33, Ladder 15 is the oldest active firehouse.
This station was built in 1888 using the Richardson Romanesque architectural style.
1st in the world to use the telegraph for emergency, 1851. The first fire alarm was transmitted via the Fire Alarm Telegraph system on April 29, 1852.

Hynes Convention Center

Stop 8

7th inning stretch

Contest— 2 players-Lightning round
3 questions by other guests
win a prize
I’ll have a hat and a fake microphone (to fool the guests)
Easy and hard questions
“the oldest space in US is in what city, Boston”
“what was the population of Boston in 1626”
7Billion

Awards for Furthest/answer question

Beatles Number 9

Sheraton/4 seasons

Largest hotel in Boston
3rd tallest building—61 floors—742 feet—2019

Church of Christ, Science HQ

This religion was founded by Mary Baker Eddy in 1866
The plaza—the fountain, the reflecting pool and the newer buildings—built in 1972, designed by I.M. Pei
Mother church is actually two churches in one built in 1894.
Tours are available of this incredible piece of architecture; check at the library for times.
The Mary Baker Eddy Library for the Betterment of Humanity.
Mapparium; 30-foot-stained glass globe of the world that you can walk inside geographical boundaries since 1935
Publishing building for The Christian Science Monitor.
On Feb. 1, 1866 Mrs. Eddy fell in Lynn MA., received serious injuries and was bed-ridden.
She asked for her Bible and while reading she healed herself and claimed this date for when she discovered Christian Science.

ymca

1st in United States founded in 1851
Retired Sea Captain Thomas Sullivan was concerned about the moral dangers to young sailors on shore leave, he and six other men founded the Boston YMCA
1896 the Evening Institute of Young Men was founded this would later become Northeastern University.

Huntington Ave

“Avenue of the Arts”

MFA

BOSTON ARTISTS:
John Singleton Copley,
Winslow Homer,
John Singer Sergeant
Childe Hassam
Henry Pelham
Frank Weston Benson
Fitz Henri Lane
Many impressionist artists, wide variety of all types of artists.
A least one large visiting exhibit each year covering a wide variety of art styles.
3/4 of a mile
Impressionist art form Europe and American
Egyptian artifacts
large collection of Japanese swords.

Gardner museum

Once a private house now a museum with some wonderful pieces of art blooming with life in all seasons
The galleries are filled with sculptures, tapestries, furniture and decorative arts from cultures all over the world.
Italian villa complete with an enclosed courtyard.
Remained pretty much unchanged since Mrs. Jack’s death in 1924.
We have been told if your name is Isabella, you get in for free.
The 1990 theft of 13 works of art from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum’s collection remains unsolved. $500M.
Degas, Rembrant, Vermeer, Manet, finial from Nepolean's standard, asian vase.

Stop 9

The pru center

There are over 75 shops and eateries,
Sak’s Fifth Avenue,
Vineyard Vines
Ralph Lauren
Lululemon
the Cheesecake Factory
Wagamama
Eataly, an Italian Marketplace;
4 restaurants;
butchers
Fish monger
Pasta
chocolate bar
cheese shop
a bakery
a salad bar
sweets, spreads and jams, hundreds of olive oils, and a housewares section
a book store
a cooking school
leaders in Boston were trying to get people back into Boston to shop, instead of going to suburban malls. Took from downtown retail shops.

copley place

2 hotels (the Westin and the Copley Marriott), buildings, the shopping center, apartments
75 fabulous stores including;
Neiman Marcus,
Barneys New York,
Tiffany & Co.,
Jimmy Choo,
Louis Vuitton
Walkway connects the 2 the Westin Hotel

Stop 10

John singleton copley

Born in Boston in 1738—Irish immigrant parents—Limerick and Clare
First great American portrait artist.
He painted the likenesses of John Hancock, Paul Revere and Samuel Adams
He also did portraits of many of the prominent Colonial and Tory people.
Between 1753- 1774 Copley painted about 350 portraits
Colonists wanted English style art, and elite culture. Most high art forms came from England-painting, literature, proforming, music. Any art here was local or provincial.
Colonial artists needed to go to Europe in order to advance their careers and perfect their skills. Benjamin West did.
Though born in Boston he was a loyalist. His loyalties were not with the colonies and he left for England prior to the Revolution.
Continued to enjoy a very successful portrait-painting career in England, never returning to Boston.
Many of his works can be seen at the MFA

Boston Artists

fairmount hotel

1912
Symbol of Boston’s rich history and elegance since it opened.
Sits on the former site of the Museum of Fine Arts.
Prior to it being here in its own building the Museum was housed in the Athenaeum in Beacon Hill.
In TV show 'The Suite Life of Zack and Cody'

bpl

Established in 1848
The oldest, large, free lending public library in the country.
30 million items!
This building was built from 1887 - 1895
The library has some wonderful works of art;
Augustus and Louis Saint-Gaudens,
Daniel Chester French,
John Singleton Copley,
Winslow Homer,
John Singer Sargent
A Private library of John Adams, the second President
Marble stairs, lion scultures
Courtyard in the middle
Cafe and Bar inside-High tea

Old south church

1875
In the movie 'Boondock saints'
The original tower was 246 feet tall but the landfill here in Back Bay could not support the weight of it. As a result, the massive structure began to lean and by 1931(56 years), it was 3 feet out of line. It was necessary to construct a new, shorter tower.

Boston MArathon

Finish line in front
The world’s oldest annual marathon
Inspired by Athens Olympics, 1896.
Based on the legend of Pheidippides, the Greek messenger. The Greeks defeated the Persians and he ran 26 miles to Athens to tell them. After he siad "NIKE" he died.
1st modern Olympic gold medal won by James Connolly of South Boston in triple jump
Traditionally held on Patriots’ Day, the 3rd Monday of April.
Begun with 15 participants in 1897, the event was inspired by the success of the first marathon in the 1896 Summer Olympics.
The event attracts 500,000 spectators each year,
Now about 30,000 registered participants each year
Statues in Copley Square.

I don’t run though. I am good at the carbo loading part of the training.

Copley Square

Marathon monument

Embedded in the sidewalk with all the names and times of the winners of the Marathon in all the divisions.
There is also a map include of the towns and route of race.
Nearby is the Tortoise and the Hare sculpture is located in Copley Square fountain to commemorate the race.

trinity church

One of the ten most beautiful churches in the United States acording to Achitectural Digest.

It was dedicated in 1877
designed by Henry Hobson Richardson when he was 33 years old
Since the church sits on landfill, it is supported by 4500 wooden pilings; 2000 of which are in a 90 square foot area supporting the foundations of the great lantern tower that is believed to weigh 12 million pounds.
Since the pilings must be kept saturated at all times, water levels are checked regularly by an electronic sensing system.
You can tour the church.

Rev Philip Brooks Statute

Sculptors Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Frances Grimes
Wrote “Oh Little town of Bethlehem”
Phillips Brooks / preacher of the word of god / lover of mankind / born in boston ad mdcccxxxv / died in boston ad mdcccxciii / this monument is erected by / his fellow citizens ad mcmx

Hancock Tower

Built 1975
Tallest building in Boston—62 stories, 790 feet
Depending on where you are we will see surrounding buildings reflected in the windows
The old reflecting in the new!
Glass fell out. Hancock tried to sue the glass company, but they were the underwriters, so they couldn’t

Stop 11

Boylston ST

Doctor Zabdiel Boylston.
1st in Boston to inoculate patients for Small Pox starting with his own six-year-old son in 1721.
In an epidemic of small pox in the winter of 1721-1722 the town of Boston lost one in six people to the dreaded disease.
Dr. Boylston had only 6 die of the 286 people that he treated.
The Reverend Cotton Mather was one of the early supporters and recipient of the inoculation.

Fish weirs

In 1913
1st of the ancient fish weirs were discovered under Boston.
These were woven sticks stuck into the shoreline. When the tide was high fish would swim in as the tide receded the fish got trapped in the basket like structures and then the early native people could easily retrieve the fish.
Through carbon dating date back 4900 to 3700 years ago and were used, repaired, and moved for over a span of 1200 years.

BIT/MIT

On the left where the large white granite is located is where MIT was first located.
Founded in 1860 as Boston Institute of Technology,
first students in 1865 due to the Civil War going on.
Moved to Cambridge in 1916, changed name to Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Boston Legal Bldg

500 Boylston Street—The fictional law firm Crane, Poole & Schmidt's Boston office
Boston Legal;
James Spader
William Shatner
Candie Bergen

Museum of Natural History

The Gallery at the Historic Museum of Natural History
Restoration Hardware
Bringing structure up to date and adapting it to RH’s new retail vision took 15 months of renovation work. “The exterior was a historic restoration in the truest sense of the term,” says principal James Gillam. “Inside was more or less a complete gut and, as much as possible, an approximation of the original interior.”
Consulting old photographs and architectural drawings, the designers took out mezzanines inserted by previous tenants, removed an elevator bank that blocked the central axis through the building, and refurbished original details. Most significant, they opened up the atrium to recapture views from the ground floor all the way to the gilded, coffered ceiling. Gliding up and down that 70-foot-high space is the store’s pièce de résistance: a glass elevator modeled after the one in Los Angeles’s 1893 Bradbury Building, another of Friedman’s favorite landmarks.
While providing dramatic settings, the museum-scaled rooms presented challenges for showcasing RH’s domestic furnishings. The company spent almost a year designing artful vignettes, which, Friedman says, “force you to stop and consider home design in a different way.”

the Berkely—Lego Bldg

Constructed in 1905,
Beaux Arts Style, terra cota facade on steel frame
424 Boylston Street

Arlington chUrch

Opened 1861.
It was the first public building built in the Back Bay.
Supported by 999 wooden pilings.
16 stained glass Tiffany windows
Installed between 1898 and 1929. Louis Comfort Tiffany personally supervised the design and creation.
The bells that are still rung by hand here.

BPD Building

The Loews Boston Hotel is the former headquarters of the Boston Police Department— 1926 to 1997
1st publicly funded, organized police force with officers on duty full-time was created in Boston in 1838
Operators answered emergency calls “Devonshire-8 1212” until 1972 when 9-1-1 became the emergency number.
In the movie The Brink’s Job, Thomas Crown Affair
Italian Renaissance-style

Salada tea door

These 12-foot-tall, 2-ton bronze doors to celebrate his industry’s storied past.
In 1927
Salada Tea Headquarters
Ten panels telling the story of the exotic origins of tea.
They depict scenes including
Ceylonese famers harvesting,
sorting and drying tea leaves,
workers transporting tea boxes on their heads,
elephants carrying tea boxes,
and tea being loaded onto ships.
The outer doorframe, includes pilasters of
stylized Asian women,
a frieze featuring elephants,
and high-relief statues of Demeter, goddess of the harvest, with her children.
The building has been sold many times over the years, but the doors still stand.

south end

The largest intact Victorian row house district in the country
Over 300 acres.
Originally marshlands in Boston’s South Bay.
Grew from filling in land north and west of “the Neck”
The original shore line of Boston Neck crosses in front of 40 St. George Street, and tapers to the narrowest point on the Neck at Dover Street. Blackstone and Franklin Square are solid land on the original neck, but clam and snail shells are just beneath its surface, as high seas would occasionally overrun the Neck.
They planned a large residential neighborhood to relieve the crowded downtown and Beacon Hill neighborhoods.
The city also hoped for a large and stable tax base.
Charles Bulfinch laid out some of the first filled land.
After being filled in, construction began in 1849.
Nineteenth-century technology did not allow for driving steel piles into bedrock, and instead a system of submerged timbers provided an understructure for most South End buildings
Washington Street, the original causeway that connected Roxbury to Boston, is the primary business thoroughfares
Filled land in the South End was originally eight feet above sea level, but is now four feet, as fill settles.
A burgeoning middle class moved to the South End including business owners, two mayors, bankers, and industrialists. Though the neighborhood’s status as a wealthy neighborhood was relatively short-lived, myths of a dramatic white flight in the 1880s are not entirely true. A series of national financial panics (see e.g., Panic of 1884, Economic history of the United States), combined with the emergence of new residential housing in Back Bay and Roxbury fed a steady decline of whites of English Protestant ancestry. Whites remained in the neighborhood, but increasingly they were Irish Catholic and recent immigrants.
By the close of the nineteenth century the South End was becoming a tenement district, first attracting new immigrants and, in the 1940s, single gay men.
The South End also became a center of black middle class Boston life and culture. The largest concentration of Pullman Porters in the country lived in the South End, mostly between Columbus Avenue and the railroad bed.
As the decades progressed, more buildings became tenements and by the 1960s absentee landlordism was rampant and the neighborhood was one of the poorest of the city.

old hancock bldg

From 1947 until 1964 it was the second-tallest building
The beacon was first lit on March 15, 1950
Steady blue, clear view.
Flashing blue, clouds due.
Steady red, rain ahead.
Flashing red, snow instead.
During baseball season, flashing red means the Boston Red Sox game has been called off on account of weather.

Park plaza hotel

Opened in May of 1927
the rooms included radio reception at no extra charge, with the choice of two stations!
The Hotel Statler and the Statler Office building.
Over the years many foreign dignitaries and U.S. Presidents, including F.D.R., Harry S Truman, Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton have visited the hotel.
The unusual shape of the building is a triangle.

Armory

1891-1897
First Corps of Cadets
The first Corps of Cadets was established in 1741 to protect the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
The First Corps of Cadets was incorporated into the National Guard in the 1940’s
The building still has a dry moat, working drawbridge and bulletproof shutters in the windows of the turrets.

Coconut Grove

Tragic fire 1942.
Over 1,000 people crowded inside nearly double the number it was zoned for.
The main door was a revolving door, quickly jammed.
doors had been chained shut to prevent people from sneaking in,
Other doors only opened into the building.
492 people were killed.
changed fire codes in the entire country:
Revolving doors are accompanied by doors that push open to the street beside the revolving door
Exit signs

ChinaTown

Chinese and Vietnamese restaurants located in Chinatown
Boston’s Chinatown is one of the largest Chinatowns in US
Many community programs and events held in Chinatown annually

Theater district

The Puritans banned theatre here in Boston and stage shows were not officially allowed until 1792.
The first theater in Boston was the Boston Theater built in 1794.
Watch and Ward Society tried to have shows censored and and in 1904 Mayors could censor—‘Banned in Boston’
Charles Playhouse
The Colonial (the oldest surviving theatre in the city)
the Wilbur,
Emerson Majestic; 1st theater with decorative lighting to be installed during the construction
the Shubert; 1910. many Broadway bound plays got their start
Wang Center
Opera House.

The Wang

opened in 1925 as the Metropolitan Theatre, a grand vaudeville and theater palace.
Over the years, the theatre fell into disrepair until 1983 when the late Dr. An Wang, founder of Wang (Computer) Company, donated a generous sum of money. In gratitude, the theatre was renamed the Wang Center for the Performing Arts.

Comedy

Boston Stand-up comedy scene in the 80s and early 90s;
The Comedy Connection
Nick’sComedy club
Kevin Meaney,
Denis Leary,
Steven Wright,
Bobcat Goldthwait,
Paula Poundstone,
Jimmy Tingle,
Steve Sweeney
Lenny Clarke
Steven Wright,
Amy Pohler,
Kevin Meaney,
Jimmy Tingle,
Norm Crosby,
Joe Rogan,
Dane Cook,
Paul Nardizzi,
Bill Burr

Stop 12

Edgar allen poe

Born on Carver St.
Orphaned, Raised in Maryland
His first book, a collection of poems, did not sell.
So, he enlisted in the Army to support himself
Stationed out at Fort Independence here on Castle Island in Boston for five months.
While there, he heard a legend of an officer being walled up (later inspire his story The Cask of Amontillado).
Life size and includes the raven, heart and pages from his manuscripts flowing down the sidewalk behind him

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—

Love The Raven. Read it to my kids on Halloween.

public garden

1st botanical garden in the US, 1837
1,000 trees and about 50 different species from all over the world.
The Lagoon (Swan Pond) where the Swan Boats are pedaled from April to September since 1877
The oldest is 110 years old.
The bridge that crosses the Swan Pond out to the left side of the trolley was constructed in 1869.
The plants used in the Public Garden are primarily grown in the Boston Parks and Recreation Department’s greenhouses. They cultivate over 80 species of plants

Water to left

This street and all the area to our left was once water.
Charles St was laid out by the end of the 1700’s and there were Ropewalks where the Public Garden is located today.

Boston Common-soldiers camp

To our right, the British soldiers when camped out
on April 18, 1775, they boarded their longboats to cross the Charles River to Cambridge and then start the march out to Lexington and Concord.
The next day on the 19th of April, “the shot heard round the world” took place beginning the American Revolution .

duckling statue

Robert McCloskey, author of Make Way for Ducklings
her ducklings Jack, Kack, Lack, Mack, Nack, Oack, Pack and Quack!

Boston common

oldest public park in the United States.
Of the original 50 acres purchased by the Puritans from William Blackstone in 1634, 48 acres remain as a park to this date.
Blackstone, an Anglican minister and somewhat of a recluse, was the only European settler on the Shawmut Peninsula when the Puritans came to Charlestown in 1630.
After they discovered the water in Charlestown was brackish (salty) and the area was not really habitable (lots of mosquitoes), they took Reverend Blackstone (Blaxton\Blackstone) up on his offer of moving across to the Shawmut Peninsula and settled in the North End area of Boston.
The Puritans taxed themselves 6 shillings from each household for a total of 30 pounds to pay for this land, to be used as a common area for cattle grazing and a training-ground for the militia.

Origin of American Football

1862
1st organized team to play any kind of football in the US.
The game was known as the "Boston game", was an informal local variant that combined association and rugby football and before the codification of rules for American football.
Stone monument says "On this field the Oneida Football Club of Boston, the first organized football club in the United States, played against all comers from 1862 to 1865."

beacon St

Purple windows

Known as Lavenders
They were actually a mistake.
When the glass for the windows was imported from mported from Bavaria is 1820, it was clear.
Exposure to sunlight resulted in a purple tint.
Found that The manufacturer of the glass put too much manganese oxide in the formula.
While owners were unhappy at the time, the purple panes have become a status symbol
Others have tried to install purple panes, but the color is uniques an imposible to duplicate—gradient
The original panes can be found in only six houses here in Beacon Hill.

Rev Blackstone

Rev Blackstone, Spruce and Beacon was location of his house—Plaque at the 300 anniversary
1625-1635—a recluse on Shawmut peninsular
Massachusetts and Wampanogs here but not on Shawmut
Came to Wessagusett first—tht colony failed and went to Plymouth
1635 went to Rhode Island to preach
Pop; 1625—1
Invited Winthrop over

Address numbers

39 Beacon St. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow married his longtime fiancée Miss Fannie Appleton. After the wedding the two headed to their Cambridge home, (a wedding gift from Fannie’s father) which today is operated by the National Park Service.
34 Beacon—Little brown
25 Beacon—Beacon Pub
Numbers on the houses as we go up the street, they run consecutively rather than the usual odd even. That is because the Common is on the right side of the street. There will never be houses or buildings built on that side of the street.

frog pond

At one time there were lots of frogs here.
In the wintertime there is an outdoor ice-skating rink here. In the summer it serves as a wading pool for the kids of Boston.
Dunk people as a punishment

How deep is the Frog Pond? Knee Deep, Knee Deep

Freedom Trail

A free walking tour, 2.5 miles (one way)
16 historical sites involved in the revolution
Begins at the Boston Common Visitor’s Center and ends at the Bunker Hill Monument
Red line on the sidewalks and streets (sometimes painted, mostly set in red brick)
Bronze signs mark the sites.

state house

Designed in 1797 by Charles Bulfinch.
Bulfinch also designed the State Capitals in Maine and Connecticut and the Capital Building in Washington D.C.)
15 white horses, one for each state, pulled the cornerstone up the hill where Governor Samuel Adams and Paul Revere presided over its laying.
The total cost of construction was $133,333.33. This by the way was way over budget

Gold dome

Originally wooden whitewashed shingles.
The shingles tended to leak, so in 1802 the dome was covered with copper from Paul Revere’s copper rolling mill
gilded in 1861.

State house statues

Henry Cabot Lodge (38-year member of U.S. Congress)
John F. Kennedy (35th President and native Bostonian, really Brookline though)
Horace Mann (a lawyer and President of the Mass. Senate, also considered to be the Father of Public Education)
Daniel Webster (Senator/orator, this was the second statue sent to Boston, the first was lost at sea coming from Italy)
Anne Hutchinson (who believed that women could preach the gospel-- was exiled from Boston by the Puritan leaders)
General Joseph Hooker (Commander of the Army of the Potomac during the Civil War, the statue was designed by Daniel Chester French and the Horse by Edward Potter)
Mary Dyer (Quaker Religious Fighter). The Puritans banned her from Boston 3 times. 4th time, she was hanged on Boston Common in 1660.

Stop 13

Oscar this stop

Massachusetts State House
Black Heritage Trail
Athenaeum
Boston Common
Freedom Trail
Park Street Church
Mass 54th Regiment
Black Heritage Trail
Atheneum
Old Granary BG
Kings Chapel BG
Kings Chapel
Otis Mansion
Nichols House Museum
Museum of African American History
Downtown Crossing

Congregational House

Used as office building in Ally McBeal
4 marble bas reliefs illustrating the core values of the Congregational tradition:
Religious Freedom, depicted by the Pilgrims' observance of the Sabbath on Clark's Island on December 20, 1620;
Equality Under the Law, showing the Pilgrims signing the Mayflower Compact;
Education, the founding of Harvard College in 1636;
Philanthropy, signified by a tableau of John Eliot preaching to Native Americans in the settlement in Nonantum in 1642.
All the bas reliefs are done in Knoxville marble,

Atheneum

2nd oldest and
Largest subscription library in North America—600,000 volumes.
Incorporated in 1807.
Private books of George Washington and Henry Knox
Signed copy of Common Sense, by Thomas Paine
Gutenburg bible
old Maps,
A book bound in human skin, but you can learn more about that on the Ghosts and Graveyards tour. (Give info about the G & G tour when in season.)
Original location of the Museum of Fine Arts. Some great art and sculpures stil inside
Day subscriptions

XV Beacon

Moo Restaurant
Home of Bromfield Mansion-1722
Wine cellar has orignal granite foundation

Back Of Adams courthouse

Somerset St—
Boston Legal;
James Spader
William Shatner
Candie Bergen

King’s Chapel

The first Anglican Church or Church of England, in Boston.
Seize this land from the Puritans in 1686 since they refused to sell it to the Governor for the purpose of
Erecting a church that they considered to be the very reason they fled England.
Very unpopular with Bostonians, but served the British military coming into the town.
The current stone structure was finished 1754
The stone chapel was built around the original wooden structure. The wooden structure was dismantled and thrown out the windows of the stone building.
The wood was then sent to Lunenburg Nova Scotia for the construction of St. John’s.
The original box pews and the wineglass pulpit, is the oldest pulpit in continuous use at the same site in America.
1789 became the first Unitarian Church in the country.

Omni Parker

opened in 1855.
oldest continuous operating hotel in America
Parker House Rolls,
Boston Cream Pie (first made here in 1856)
Boston Scrod. (“white fish catch of the day” either Haddock or Cod whichever was fresher.)
Favorite spot of many clubs including literary clubs with members such as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson.
The idea for the Atlantic Monthly magazine came out of the Saturday Club the literary club that met at the Parker House.
Oliver Wendell Homes wrote a poem entitled “The Saturday Club” about the club and the Parker House.
In 1867, Charles Dickens was a resident guest here at the Parker House and read his story A Christmas Carol next door at the Tremont Temple.
-Ghost stories were a part of Christmas and Dickens revived Christmas here in America/Boston
Malcolm X worked as a busboy in the dining room;
Ho Chi Minh worked in the kitchen.
the Omni Parker House is also said to be the most haunted hotel in Boston. Guests have reported encounters with the original owner, Harvey Parker, and former guests including celebrities like Charles Dickens

Haunted with ghosts, specters of the owner, apparition of a woman. You can see spirits in the bar now

Ben franklin statue

Erected 1856
Born on Milk Street, Jan 17, 1706
Attended Boston Latin but never graduated
Apprenticed to his brother, James.
Silence Dogood
did not have a good relationship and Benjamin left his apprenticeship to Philadelphia where he opened his own printing company and published his own paper.
a leading writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher. Among the most influential intellectuals of his time, Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States; a drafter and signer of the Declaration of Independence; and the first postmaster general
Franklin was a prodigious inventor. Among his many creations were the lightning rod, Franklin stove, bifocal glasses and the flexible urinary catheter. He never patented his inventions.
Franklin's kite experiment was performed in Philadelphia in June 1752, according to the account by Joseph Priestley. Franklin described the experiment without mentioning that he had performed it. The account was read to the Royal Society on December 21 and printed as such in the Philosophical Transactions.

Old city hall

Completed in 1865.
The elaborate French second Empire style
The donkey statue represents the dominant political party in Boston, the Democratic Party.
Statue of Josiah Quincy, Mayor of the City of Boston from 1823-1829. Revitalized Boston by creating Quincy Market

BLS

Founded by the Puritans on April 23, 1635, 1st public school in the new world.
School Street because Boston Latin School.
Ben Franklin
Cotton Mather,
Samuel Adams,
Charles Bulfinch,
Ralph Waldo Emerson,
Arthur Fiedler,
Leonard Bernstein
Henry Knox
John Hancock
4 Presidents
8 Mass Gov
5 Signers of the Declaration of Independance
The school today is located in the Fens area of Boston.

My kids go there

My kids became teenagers overnight. 1 day my 12 year old was giving me a hard time. I said ‘these are the rules and I told her that she was old enough to run away’

Charle Ponzi Office

In 1920, he convinced people he could double their money in 180 days. And he could, for a while.
He paid early investors with money from later investors. About 20,000 investors gave him $10 million.
In less than a year, the swindle unraveled, and he went to prison
Yhe financial world had a new phrase: Ponzi scheme.

Irish famine Memorial

June 28, 1998 to for the 150th anniversary of An Gort Mot—The Great hunger
One is a poor hungry family in Ireland and the other is family arriving in Boston full of hope and determination.

Corner book store

On the site of Anne Hutchinson’s house,
after that home burnt down in 1711, this building was built around 1718.
A book store in 1828
It has served many different functions over the years including
Most famously as the publishing house of Ticknor and Fields 1832-1856, who published the works of Longfellow, Lowell, Holmes, Hawthorne, Dickens, and Thoreau.
Transendeltalists
Atlantic Monthly
Continued as a book store.
“The names of Ticknor & Fields are imperishably connected with one of the most brilliant chapters of American literary history, and ‘the Old Corner Bookstore,’ while those names rested overs its doors, must be regarded as the birthplace, commercially speaking, if not intellectually, of more of the books that have established the American literary name than can be credit to any other spot.”
Also known as Parnassus Corner
Cunningham House next door—1728

Old south meeting house

Built in 1729
2nd oldest in city,
Largest meeting place in Colonial Boston
Many important events took place here including the Tea Party meeting.
British soldiers occupied the church. Used it as stable and a bar.
Oldest working clock—1768
Today-A museum called Revolutionary Spaces.

Newspaper row

From late 1800s to the early 1940s, the area was home to many of Boston's newspapers.
Newspapers would receive bulletins by telegraph and then a staff-member either posted them on a blackboard, or announced the news to the crowd, by means of a megaphone outside their offices that would lure large crowds.
Soon, people received news and bulletins from radio, and no longer needed to wait on Washington Street for the latest headlines. Newspapers either closed down or moved to larger quarters. The last newspaper to abandon Newspaper Row was the Boston Globe, in May 1958.
Pi Alley-named after the pied type which newspaper composing rooms dumped into the alley

Washington Street

Oldest part of Boston
The largest, longest, widest road was the one that led off the peninsula today this is named Washington St. it is right behind us.

street names

By the 1700's, Boston was recording and naming streets.
1st street was Spring Lane
Street names like Water, Milk, Beacon and about 100 others down in this area still exist today. Names were often practical, Water St. for the fresh water spring. (The Spring still exists underground) Beacon Street led to the warning beacon for the town.

South End (Colonial)

Ben Franklin, Robert Treat Paine, Samuel Adams, Daniel Webster.
Residential
Marshy

Post Office Square

1st Post Office in America in 1639.
Between Washington and Devonshire Streets.
After the fire of 1872 a large post office was built here in the square. No longer a post office here but the name remains.

Angell Fountain

To the left is the Angell Memorial Park.
The large monument and fountain is dedicated to George Thorndike Angell, a founder of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
The fountain was designed to be a watering spot for horses in 1912.
In 1982 the “creature pond” was added, this bronze “pond” has an assortment of animals and was intentionally designed to be as “lovable as possible” to prevent vandalism.

Federal Reserve Building(S)

1913, 12 Federal Reserve Banks (our nation’s central bank) open for business.
The Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, October 1914.
1922 built on Franklin St
Now The Langham.
In 1977, moved to 600 Atlantic Avenue in Dewey Square.

Great Fire of 1872

The area was the South End-residential
Between 1850s and 1870s transformed into manufacturing center
Fire Cheif Damrel warned the city it was a hazard
Streets could only fit 1 apparatus abreast
Water pressure can't reach building tops
November 9, 1872
Horse had the equine flu
Corner of Summer St. and Kingston Streets was a granite four-story building a few years old.
Wholesale dealers of hosiery, gloves, laces and other dry goods. The top floor was a manufacturing shop for hoop skirts.
Sparks flew to the roofs nearby and ignited the tar coverings, the narrow streets allowed the fire to jump from building to building.
Within hours Boston’s mercantile district was an inferno.
About 776 buildings had been destroyed and 60 acres of land leveled. 1000 businesses.
Fire tornado
Took 3 days to extinguish
Fire company from Portsmouth New Hampshire put out the last flames.
Within a few years this area which would be rebuilt and flourishing again as a manufacturing and mercantile district.
Fire codes changed—wider streets, fire escapes, fire exists, fire codes in buildings, central fire station, better hydrants
Chicago—1871
Today, Boston’s Financial District

Tea PArty

Set up

In Old South Meeting House, there was a meeting in 1773, that lead to the Boston Tea party. It was the spark that ignited the American Revolution.

background

Starting in the 1760s, the King and parlement had been taxing the colonies to get out of the debt caused by the French and Indian war.
Bostonians saw themselves as proud British citizens who are being treated unfairly by their beloved king. They didn’t want to pay the tax because “taxation without representation was tyranny”. It was against British Law.
The 1773 Tea Act taxed the tea and gave the British-East India Company monoply on selling tea in the colonies, which allowed them to dump cheap tea on the colonies,
This would have actually lowered the price of tea.
Also, to allow taxes set a precedent that Britain could tax whatever they wanted.

The meeting

On Dec 16, 1773, colonists met to discuss the situation. There were 3 ships filled with tea in Boston harbor and the colonists were expected to unload it, pay the tax, and buy this cheap tea.
The colonists wanted the ships to leave Boston without unloading the tea so the tax would not have to be paid.
During the meeting , a message was sent to The Royal Governor William Hutchinson, asking that the ships be sent back to England with the tea.
New York and Philadelphia and Charelston governor did.
He said NO—the tea was to be unloaded the next morning.
Samuel Adams, upon hearing this, stood and said;

Tea Party

This was a prearranged signal for the Sons of Liberty/rebels.

Tea party

90 Sons of Liberty left the meeting...
Dressed as Mohawk warriors, they went down Milk street and right on Pearl to Griffin’s Wharf...
Boarded the 3 ships, forced the crew off, and went into storge causing no damage but a broken padlock, (replaced the next day)
Most from the people from the meeting were there to see.
The men threw 342 crates of tea into Boston Harbor.
Took 4 hours in the dark—no moon. Very somber and quite—just did their work and left
Today that would be about $2.5M

Reaction

The colonists hoped this would cause the British Government to repell the Tea Tax.
There are some events that have a huge impact on the course of human history;
Fall of Rome
1st printing press
the Internet
The Beatles White Album.
Boston Tea Party is one of those events because of happened next.
The King and the British government declared the colonies in a state of rebellion.
Parliament passed a series of laws called the Coercive Acts to punish Boston, reestablish control, and send a message to the other colonies that THEY were in charge.
One law shut down Boston harbor and turned it to a military governer until they paid for the destroyed tea. This act caused the closing of Boston Harbor by the British.
In Massachusetts, they called them the Intolerable Acts.
The First Continental Congress was organized to coordinate the resistance of the Intolerable Acts.
Delegates from the colonies met in Philadelphia. They boycotted English goods, encourage domestic manufacturing, stopped paying taxes, and prepared for war.
The First Cont. Congress was the first, coordinated colony-wide action in British America. They were separate and rivals before this, but now the colonies were a united, acting as like a nation would act against the British King.
The first C.C. is what Historians, anthropologists and social scientists would call ‘a wicked big deal’.
And it all happened right here under our feet.

Tea PArty museum

A reinactment of the Sam Adams meeting on Dec 16, 1773
2 replica ships, the Brig Beaver and the Eleanor, with the Dartmouth to be added.
The museum itself contains state of the art, high-tech exhibits and films that bring this important event to life!
The Robinson Tea Chest. This tea chest is the only two known existing chest that actually survived the Tea Party.
Abigail’s Tea Room upstairs, which has delicious food, pastries and a variety of teas to choose from.

Stop 14

Fort Point Channel

Separaties South Boston from downtown Boston, feeding into Boston Harbor
Up unitl 1930 this was filled with shipping

Children’s museum

Participatory exhibits for children of all ages.

See Boston children in their natural hbitat

Boston fire museum

Owned and operated by the Boston Sparks Association; they are retired firefighters and fire buffs (known as Sparks).
Saturdays from 11 to 6 pm—free—except donations.
The third oldest in the city, built in 1890.
One was always required to stay in the house in case of a fire in the wool warehouses that abounded in this area.
BFD first in the nation. Est 1638—appinted a Fire Marshall
1st mulicipal fire department
1st fie alarm system 1852-a telegraph

Fort Point Historic District

Fort Point was at one point the wool capital of the United States.
The original Fort Point was the Atlantic ocean, part of the Dorchester Flats.
Boston shipping industry important in the development of the city in the early 1800’s.
The Boston Wharf Co filled the flats From 1836 to 1882
They parceled out all of the lots and laid out all of the streets from scratch.
Current buildings constructed between the 1880s and 1920s.
The buildings built by the company feature a copper medallion that reads “BW Co.” and the year in which the building was built.
Built for the manufacture and storage of a wide variety of goods, beginning with sugar and molasses and branching out into the wool trade by the end of the 19th century.
This district made Boston the main production and marketing center for wool for clothing and fabrics during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Rail lines ran down the side streets off Congress Street. These rail lines serviced the warehouses that lined the street of Fort Point.
Between 1920s to 1950s, the wool industry disappeared from Fort Point, the district’s buildings were abandoned because fo the great depression.
In the 1970s, artists gradually moved into the large, well-lit warehouse loft spaces, thus creating New England’s largest enclave of artists, the Fort Point Arts Community.
Recently, Fort Point was redeveloped, the district was not leveled. Instead, the old buildings were used for a new district.
Residential, business, institutional, and mixed lands uses.
Fort Point is Boston's largest and most significant collection of historic industrial buildings. The historic warehouses and industrial buildings feel cohesive because they were designed by the same architects, within a relatively short period. These buildings have been converted into loft conversions with high ceilings, exposed brick, and wooden beams.
Fort Point is an architecturally-consistent, former industrial neighborhood, with a strong artistic and cultural history, transforming into luxury enclaves.

BCEC

2004
Largest in the Northeast.
large enough to allow 18-wheelers to pull in and unload.
could hold 16 football fields.

Seaport district

The Seaport is the up-and-coming neighborhood
This was once primarily an industrial and shipping area with boat, train and trucks everywhere. This changed with the great depression.
This was the port of shipping items all over New England and beyond.
The building of the Convention Center 2004 brought 3 major hotels
Shops, restaurants, bars, office, hotel, recreational areas and living space.
restaurants=Yankee lobster, Legals, 75 Liberty wharf, Morton’s, Davios.
There are four museums;
the ICA,
the Boston Children’s Museum,
Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum and
the Boston Fire Museum.
The Cruise Port Terminal,
Conference centers;
the BCEC the largest conference space in New England,
the Seaport world trade center
Exchange Conference Center Fish Pier
Bank Pavilion to luncheon and dinner cruises.
There are water taxis, subway and buses to get you to and from the area.
The Fish Pier, over 100 years old. Many refineries and commercial fisheries.

Port & Fishing District

Fishing Industry was important to the development of Massachusetts as a colony and a young Commonwealth.
By the mid 1800’s, The the whaling industry was big
Over 10,000 men were sailing the seas in search of the Right and Sperm whales.
The cod trade was always important—starting in the 1600s—and made a lot of money for many Bostonians.

World trade center

On the Commonwealth Pier built in the later 1800’s.

Seaport common

A green space dedicated as gathering spot and place for public art that is constantly changing.
Boston Harbor and waterfront on other side.

Seaport Blvd

Great Restaurants and shops
Colorful sculpures are called ‘Land, Sea, Air’ by Okuda San Miguel

ICA

Across the street from the common on the waterfront ICA.
2006 this building opened.

Moakley coarthouse

Completed in 1998.
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Massachusetts District.
There are public galleries throughout the building with ever changing exhibits by local and world artists.
Famous trials: Whitey Bulger, Tserniav Brother, College scandals

shrine of Lady o’good voyage

It replaced the Chapel of the same name that has been located here in this area for decades so that they could redevelop the land.
Dedicated on April 22, 2017

Martin’s Park

Honors the youngest victim of the Boston Marathon bombings, 2013, 8 year old Martin Richard.

moakley bridge

Evelyn Moakley was the wife of former Representative Joe Moakley.

Tea Party Museum

To the left is another view of the Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum as we cross over the Evelyn Moakley Bridge.

griffin wharf

Where the Boston Tea Party actually happened. There is a plaque on the side of the building to indicate this.

Financial District

2nd largest industry in boston
Top 5 in the country
Top 15 in the world
Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI)
the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the 6th-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.
HQ of Fidelity Investments (invested 1st mutual funds),
Putnam Investments, and
DWS Scudder Investments
John Hancock Insurance
Liberty Mutual Insurance
The Boston Company Asset Management
Bain & Company
World HQ for State Street Bank (second oldest bank)
Eastern Bank.

Central Artery

The Central Artery was a section of espressway; Interstate 93, US 1 and Route 3.
The original Artery, constructed in the 1950s
When it opened, it was already too small for the volume of traffic
The highway gradually became more and more congested as other highway projects meant to complement the Artery were canceled.
Congestion inspired “The Distressway,”
From the mid-1990s through the early 2000s as part of the Central Artery/Tunnel Project (the “Big Dig”) The Big Dig was a megaproject in Boston that rerouted the elevated Central Artery of Interstate 93 that cut across Boston into the O'Neill Tunnel and built the Ted Williams Tunnel to extend Interstate 90 to Logan International Airport. Additionally, the project constructed the Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge over the Charles River, created the Rose Kennedy Greenway in the space vacated by the previous I-93 elevated roadway, and funded more than a dozen projects to improve the region's public transportation system. .
Today, the artery is through the O’Neill Tunnel
The original Artery was demolished and replaced with the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway

Customs house

Original building completed in 1847 right on the water front.
Boston’s first skyscraper when the tower was added in 1913.
Now a Marriott Hotel and consists of time-share condos.

Greenway

This park was created after the Big Dig—Central Artery Highway was put underground and the elevated highway was torn down.
stretches about 1.5 miles from the Chinatown Section to the North End.

NE Aquarium

Completed in 1969
Home to about 12,000 specimens of fish, invertebrates, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians from around the world,
Giant Ocean Tank; one of the largest cylindrical saltwater tanks in the world, at 40 feet wide and about 23 feet deep and it’s filled with 200,000 gallons of seawater.
There are two touch tanks the Shark and Ray tank and the Edge of the Sea tank.
The Harbor seals live in an open-air habitat on display here year-round to the left on the main doors to the Aquarium.
The Aquarium also has an IMAX Theater.

Boston Harbor & cruises

It is the oldest continuously active major port in the Western Hemisphere.
In 1702, while still part of England, Boston was the busiest port in America and had the 3rd largest shipping tonnage among English seaports (London and Bristol preceded it).
Throughout much of the 19th century, Boston was the third busiest seaport in the United States (New York was first and Philadelphia was second)
Tours of the harbor and outer islands, whale watches, dinner, dance, twilight and sightseeing cruises; each one offers a unique view of Boston’s skyline.

Back to 1

‘Bye

And thanks .
I hope you had as much fun as I did.
If you did, please give me feedback . Please, give me an online review on Trip Advisor.
My name is Murph.
If the creek don’t rise and the good Lord’s willing,
and I don’t become the ambassador to Ireland,
I’ll be here giving tours all summer.
Tell your friends how great Boston is & send them our way.
I am available to answer any questions you have.
Thank you again.

SIN E

.....But there's more....

Shawmut

Winthrop Fleet

Salutory Neglect

Boston Bldgs

Boston Place Names

Why Rev in Boston

Revolution Timeline

Boston Brahmins

Beacon Hill Writers

Population

Industry and Economy

Jaywalking

Boston Women

Boston Words

Boston Irish

Boston Driving

Boston Music

Jokes and Stories

Shawmut

For most of the city’s history Boston was a much smaller place.
The original landmass of present-day Boston was first known as Shawmut, which is an Indian word for “living waters”.
The original size of the Shawmut Peninsula was 783 acres or about 1.2 sq. miles.
Massachusetts and Wompanoag Indoans lived here.
Chickatawbut was the Sachem when 1st settlers arrived here. Chickatawbut maintained a base at Moswetuset Hummock, in Quincy. In 1621 he was met there by Plymouth Colony commander Myles Standish. Chickatawbut was involived in the hostilities at the Wessagusset Colony in 1623/24.
Today Boston is 48.2 sq. miles due to landfill and the annexation of many surrounding towns in the 1800’s and early 1900’s.
The only land route in and out of Boston was Boston neck, which was a little strip of land connecting Boston to the mainland of Massachusetts. This in inclement weather could be covered over with water. During colonial times, Boston at extremely high tides and big storms would become an island.
founded in 1630
incorporated as a city in 1822.
Many Massachusetts towns and streets are Indian names;
Mattapan
Neponset
Canton
Punkagoag
Chappaquiddick Island
Merrimack River
Nantasket Beach

Protestant

Henry the VIII converted England to Church of England (Anglicinism).
After 100yrs of civil conflict—after Elizabeth the I—England was Protestant.
Many didn't think it was Protestant enough. It resembeled the old Roman Catholic Church to much.
Many tried to reform the church. Many wanted to form their own religion—which was illegal.
They became radical and on the fringes of society. Royal official arrested them.
They decided to set themselves as corporations and charter themselves in the new world.

Winthrop Fleet

The first settlers in Boston came from England in 1630.
The Arbella lead a fleet of eleven ships carrying over a thousand Puritans to Massachusetts that year. It was the largest original venture ever attempted in the English New World.
The passengers left England in 1630 with their new charter and a great vision.
John Winthrop was thier leader and stated their purpose quite clearly: They were to be an example for the rest of the world in rightful living. “We shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us.”
They were different from the other colonies. Massachusetts was founded based on society and Protestantism.
The other colonies were either business ventures focusing on extraction. Or they were a place for England to dump thier unwanted, outcasts and fanatics.

Salutory Neglect and Revolution

Established by Royal charter in the 17th and 18th centuries, the American colonies were largely autonomous (salutory neglect) in domestic affairs and commercially prosperous, trading with Britain and its Caribbean colonies, as well as other European powers via their Caribbean entrepôts. After British victory in the Seven Years’ War in 1763, tensions arose over trade, colonial policy in the Northwest Territory and taxation measures, including the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts. Colonial opposition led to the 1770 Boston Massacre and 1773 Boston Tea Party, with Parliament responding by imposing the so-called Intolerable Acts.
Salutary neglect was the 18th-century policy of the British Crown of avoiding the strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, especially trade laws, as long as British colonies remained loyal to the government and contributed to the economic growth of England. Until the late 17th century, mercantilist ideas were gaining force in England and giving general shape to trade policy through a series of Navigation Acts. From the collapse of the centralized Dominion of New England in 1689 to 1763, salutary neglect was in effect. Afterwards, Britain began to try to enforce stricter rules and more direct management, which included the disallowment of laws to go into effect that were passed in colonial legislatures. This eventually led to the American Revolutionary War
----

The early colonies were settled as business ventures, outposts, trading centers, plantations, and in some cases experiments. They were mostly young single men and members of a corporation as they all were chartered.
Early 1600s colonists were sent to the colonies by the King as outcasts and un-productive members of English society.
They were ignored by the rulers in England—salutory neglect. Colonies (1600s) created their own leadership structures—board of directors, elected legislator, trustees, house of bourgesses—out of necessity and survival.
They functioned in the best interest of the people.
From the 1630s to the 1760s—over 100 years—the colonies were used to taking care of their own affairs—set taxes, pass laws, their own court systems, raise their own militia, create treaties with others.
These assemblies had no basis in English law or were sanctioned by the king
But, King and parliement didn't really care at first
Every once in a while, the King and Pariement tried to create a system to gain control, but quickly faded.
Then decided to let the colonies work on their own and they will continue to prosper
Mercantilism in late 1600s early 1700s (navigation acts) tried put to put all economic control in the hands of the king (absolutism).
As the colonies became more prosperous and important, parliement didn’t have the means to control them from 3000 miles away and didn't want to pay for it—incompetence, lazy, good judgement. This encouraged smuggling and local colonial economies grew to compete with Mother England—ship building in New England.
The colonists thought of themselves as English and they wanted to be concidered full members of the British empire with every right and priveledge. They were proud to be English and loved their King.
Boston concidered itself to be the model of Englishness in the colonies
Until 1763.
In 1763, The French and Indian War ended putting England in debt. The king and Parliement reasoned, ‘the colonies benefited from the war, they should help pay for it through taxation.’
James Otis “We’re not just some planation to be ruled from afar at will. We are part of the British empire subject only to the laws and taxes passed by our elected legistature—in the colonies.”
Parliement saw itself as the legislature for the whole British Empire. Parliement thought of the colonies as...a plantation to serve the mother country.
The problem is, there was no legal basis for any of the colonial goverments. English law didn’t acknowledge their existance. So they didn’t—in the eyes of Parliement. They were thought of as administrative bodies with no real govermental powers.
So, the tax wasn’t the real issue. It would have made stuff cheaper. It was the way in which the taxes were implemented—taxation without representation is tyranny.
The issue was how they were being treated. They had a grienvance against the king that they were not being treated as full Englishmen. Colonies want to be fully recognized Englishmen, culturally and legally as part of the empire, not just a plantation to feed the mother land.
Tension escalated. At first, the colonies sought reconciliation. When that didn’t work Independeance was the only option.

Boston buildings

Blake House, Dorchester, 1661
Paul Revere House, North End, 1680
Pierce House, Dorchester, 1683
Pierce-Hichborn House, North end, 1711
Old State House, Boston, 1713
Union Oyster, 1716
Old Corner Book store, 1718
Old North Church, 1723
Cunningham House, 1728
Old South meeting house, 1729
Fanueil Hall, 1742
King's Chapel, 1750
Gardiner Bldg (Chart House) 1763

Boston Names

Boston, Plymouth, Dorchester, Roxbury, Arlington, Suffolk, Cambridge, Chelsea
Mattapan, Neponset, Chicatawbut, Samoset, Wessagusset, Shawmut
Revere, Winthrop, Quincy, Adams, Washington, Hancock
Lowell, Everett, Storrow
Beacon, School, Water, Causeway
O'Neil tunnel, Kennedy Greenway, Gallivan Blvd, Logan airport, Sullivan Sq, Tobin Bridge

Revolution Timeline

1763—Treaty of Paris
1+ year later
Mar, 1765 — Stamp Act; 1st direct tax on American colonies.
1 year later
1766 — Stamp Act repealed
1+ year later
Jun 1767 — Townsend Acts; import tax on glass, lead, paint, paper, tea
6 months later
1767—Townsend Act repealled except Tea
1 year later
Sep, 1768 — Troops Arrive
1 year, 6 months later
Mar 5, 1770—Boston Massacre
3 year, 2 months later
May, 1773—Tea Act; gave the British East India Company a monopoly on tea and send it right to the colonies and permission to agents to sell it
6 months later
Dec 1773—A group of colonists board 3 ships and dumped 340 chests of tea into the harbor
3 months later
Mar 1774—Coercive Acts; to punish Mass Bay Colony and reestablish control of the other colonies.
6 months later
Sep 1774—1st Continental Congress; a Petition to the King and organized a boycott of British goods
7 months later
Apr 1775—Revere ride
Apr 1775—Battle of Lexington and Concord
Apr 1775—Battle road
Apr 1775—Seige of Boston
2 months later
Jun 1775—Battle of Bunker Hill
1 month later
July 1775—Geo Washington heads Continental Army
6 months later
Jan 1776—Common Sense
2 months later
Mar 1776—Evacuation day
4 months later
Jul 1776—Dec of Independance
7 years later
1783—USA

Boston Brahmins

The term comes from Oliver Wendell Holmes in the mid 19th century to describe to the older, wealthy New England families of British Protestant origin.
They were decendants of the original settlers in New England and the landed gentry in England.
They sought to uphold the Puritan ideals of Anglicanism, with traditional Anglo-American customs and clothing.
Boston elite are members of Boston’s traditional upper class.
In 1828, reformer Bronson Alcott — father of the novelist Louisa May Alcott — declared Boston, "The city that is set on high." Its morality, he claimed, "is more pure than that of any other city in America." Bostonians remained surprisingly close to their Puritan roots of moral high-mindedness well into the nineteenth century. They truly subscribed to the attitude that Alcott articulated, and they supported their ideals with action.
Associated with Harvard University
Very wealthy as they financed or owned most of the factories in Massachusetts in the 19th century during the industrial revolution.
They became influential in the development of American institutions and culture up until the early 20th century.
Governors, Senators, Congressmen, Mayors
Presidents of banks and universities
Industrialists, engineers, inventors, doctors, writers, artists
Leaders in social movements like the abolistionists movement, woman sufferage, and reforms in education, immigration, the poor.
Fannie Farmer, Helen Keller, the Boston Athlectic Associatio, transendentalists.

Beacon Hill Writers

The mid-19th century is described as an “American Renaissance of literature”. It was when American literature came of age as an expression of a national spirit.
It is identified with American romanticism and Transcendentalism.
This was dominated by a group of New England writers. They were the “Brahmins,” notably Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and James Russell Lowell. They were aristocrats, active as professors at Harvard College, and many lived on Beacon Hill
One of the most important influences in the period was that of the Transcendentalists including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Bronson Alcott. They contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements. They advocated reforms in church, state, and society.
Authors, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson had a profound effect on American literature and society as a whole.
Some consider the Old Corner Bookstore to be the “cradle of American literature”, the place where these writers met and where The Atlantic Monthly was first published.
Boston was a leading publisher in the US. Little Brown and Beacon publishing were on Beacon St.
Saturday Literary Club

Boston Populations

2020 census population of the City of Boston is 684,379.
Massachusetts population is 7,029,917
the 23th largest major city in the U.S.
Greater Boston is just over 4,309,000, the 23rd largest metropolitan city in the nation.
from 1960s on Boston developed the new service econmoy—health, research, finance, education, high tech, tourism—changed from blue collar to white collar

1640	1,200	-
1650	2,000	+67
1660	3,000	+50
1670	?	~+25
1680	4,500	~+25
1690	7,000	+56
1700	6,700	-4
1710	9,000	+34
1720	12,000	+33
1730	13,000	+8
1742	16,382	+26
1750	?	~-2.5
1760	15,631	~-2.5
1780	16,000	+2
1790	18,320	+15
1800	24,937	+36
1810	33,787	+36
1820	43,289	+28
1830	61.392	+42
1840	93,383	+52
1850	136,881	+47
1860	177,840	+30
1870	250,526	+41
1880	362,839	+45
1890	448,477	+24
1900	560,892	+25
1910	670,585	+20
1920	748,060	+12
1930	781,188	+4
1940	770,816	-1
1950	801,444	+4
1960	697,197	-13
1970	641,071	-8
1980	562,994	-12
1990	574,823	+2

Industry and Economy

Colonial;

shipping, commerce, fishing, shipbuilding (mecantilism)
No banks. England didn't want high concentrations of wealth. Colonists were agarian and didn't trust banks.

Early 18th century–China trade

The Second Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolutionary War and subsequently freed American trade from British control.
The Americans meanwhile, also needed silver to finance their burgeoning international trade in furs, timber, and other commodities. They too looked to the Chinese market as a source of hard currency based on their monopoly of the opium trade in Turkey.
The United States' first consul in China, Bostonian Samuel Shaw, arrived in the port of Guangzhou (Canton) in 1784 on the "Chinese Queen", carrying a cargo of silver specie and ginseng for trade. As well as symbolizing a breach of the British East India Company's tea monopoly, the successful and lucrative voyage of the Empress inspired other American merchants to follow suit with the desire to enter a new market with great potential for profit. By 1803, American vessels outnumbered British and all other nations in the trade.

18th century–Industrial revolution

Industrial textile mills, shipbuilding, shipping, commerce
Boston became 2nd largest manufacturing center in the world by 1830s
LOWELL: Founded in the 1820s as a planned manufacturing center for textiles, on the Merrimack River, 25 m NW of Boston. The Boston Associates, named if after Francis Cabot Lowell. Many of the men who composed the labor force for constructing the canals and factories had immigrated from Ireland. The mill workers, young single women called Mill Girls, generally came from the farm families of New England.
By the 1850s, Lowell had the largest industrial complex in the United States. In 1860, there were more cotton spindles in Lowell than in all eleven states combined that would form the Confederate States of America.
In 1922, the New England Textile Strike shut down the mills in the city over an attempted wage cut.

mid-19th century—1920s

Investments in banking and railroads, industrial textile mills, woll, shipping, commerce, shoes, pianos, distillaries
Shipping lost importance

Great Depression—1960s

Textile factories moved to the South in search of cheaper labour and raw materials.
Radio killed the piano industry
Prohabition killed distillaries
Boston went into a decline that next for 40 years.

During World War II

Boston’s universities provided a source of scientific and technological talent to war-related industries
This helped Massachusetts with the electronics and computer industry growing along 128.
Boston still was in decline because of suburban exodus and malls

1950s

Technological Highway—Rt128, electronics inducstry and computers.
Mayor Collins and Hynes worked on The New Boston.
Boston initiated various urban renewal projects, under the direction of the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) established in 1957.
In 1958, BRA initiated a project to improve the historic West End neighborhood. Extensive demolition was met with strong public opposition, and thousands of families were displaced.
The BRA continued implementing eminent domain projects, including the clearance of the vibrant Scollay Square area for construction of the modernist style Government Center.

1970s

Boston slowly changed from “mill-based” to “mind-based” industries, with major corporations dominating electronics, telecommunications, and digital research. Or from a manufacturing economy to a services economy.
By the 1970s, the city’s economy had begun to recover after 40 years of economic downturn.
A large number of high-rises were constructed in the Financial District and in Boston’s Back Bay during this period.
This boom continued into the mid-1980s and resumed after a few pauses.

Today

Boston firms took the lead in software design, computer architecture, data processing, and biomedical technologies.
Boston banks created high-technology investment companies connected with global financial institutions that made the city a world leader in equity fund management.
Boston’s universities remained an important part of the city’s economy, and their medical schools and hospitals gave the city an especially robust health care sector.
Hospitals such as MGH, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Brigham and Women’s Hospital lead the nation in medical innovation and patient care Dana Farber.
Schools such as the Boston Architectural College, BC, BU, the Harvard Medical School, Tufts University School of Medicine, Northeastern, Massachusetts College of Art and Design, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Berklee, the Boston Conservatory, and many others attract students to the area.

Healthcare

The number one industry is Healthcare.
25 in-patient hospitals within the city.
The largest hospital is Massachusetts General, which is also the largest employer in the city with over 16,000 employees!
Longwood medical center
Biotech
6% of all drugs produceed here
Genzyme, Biogen

Finance

Financial and insurance services are our number two industry, with companies like Fidelity, John Hancock and Prudential.

Education

Education is ranked as the third largest industry for the City of Boston. There are about 70 colleges and universities in the greater Boston area.
8 Research Universities
3 medical schools
Boston has the highest student population in the United States, over ¼ million students!
Many stay and add to the economy
Sept 1 is moving Day
May 15 is Alston Christmas

High Tech

Technology Highway—1960s to 1980s
Information and electronics

Jaywalking

Good judgment comes from experience, and experience—well that comes from poor judgment!

Old words

Ps & Qs

Boston Women

Rose Kennedy
Phyllis Wheatly
Revolutionary spies
Billie Farrell
Abigail Adams
Mary Dyer
Ann Hutchinson
Michelle Wu
Mother Goose
Eunice Kennedy Shriver
Margaret Foley
Julia Child
Julia Ward Howe
Isabella Stewart Gardner
Women's Heritage Memorial
Amy Mann / Melissa Ethridge
Mary Baker Eddy
Fannie Farmer (School of Cookery-at Westin Copley)
Julia Paget
Louis May Alcott
Annie Sullivan

Sufferagettes

Worked at Abolitionists / Temperance movement
Men in Civil War
Woman's Journal

Julia Ward Howe

Wrote for Woman's Journal
Married Samual Howe—founder of Perkins school-1829-1st school for blind, now in Watertown
Appointede Justice of the Peace by Gov. Legislature removed her. Womaen worked to approve women being elected-makes suffrage easier.

Boston Words

U-ys
Tonic
Supper
Subs
Wicked
Townie
Packie
Blinker
Bubbler
Cellar
Supper vs dinner
Barrel
Clicker
Parlor
No Suh—no sir
Jimmies
Whadsup
Aunt scallops
Mine / stairs / store
Monday

Boston Irish

Summary

Once an Anglo-Saxon Puritan stronghold, Boston changed dramatically in the 19th century with the arrival of immigrants from other parts of Europe.
The Irish dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Great Irish Famine.
These people hired Irish as workers and servants, but there was little social interaction. In the 1840s and 50s, the anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant Know Nothing movement targeted Irish Catholics in Boston.
In the 1860s, many Irish immigrants fought for the Union in the American Civil War, and that display of patriotism helped to dispel much of the prejudice against them.
With an expanding population, group loyalty, and block-by-block political organization, the Irish took political control of the city, leaving the Yankees in charge of finance, business, and higher education.
Heavily Irish neighborhoods such as Charlestown and South Boston; in the iconic Irish-American political family, the Kennedys; in a large number of prominent local politicians, such as James Michael Curley; and in the establishment of Catholic Boston College.
People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in Massachusetts, and one of largest in Boston.

By stops

North End 1850-1890s
Kennedys and Kennedy Greenway
Billie Farrel—from Kentucky. Commander of Constitution
Convent burnt in Ctown
Boston Celtics
Tip O'Neil
Curely Statue
Kevin White
Mayor 84/100 years in 20th century
2022 election 1st time in 144 year no Irish name on the ballot
Patrick Carr-Boston massacre-Irish sailor
9th Irish regiment
Bc v Harvard / Bay Bank v Bank Boston
Worked on Muni projects (back Bay)
Charles Logue, construction company that built Fenway park. He was from Derry Ireland
August St. Gaudines. Mother was irish
John S. Copley parents from Limerick and Clare
Conan O'Brien, Steve Sweeney, Bill Burr, Dennis Leary, Lenny Clark
Dennis Lehane
Great Hunger memorial—An Gort Mhor
Fort Hill/Waterfront
Logan Airport

Managing Immigrants

Boston did have its problems in the decades preceding 1850. It had illegal brothels and bad neighborhoods. The political cohesiveness of city government was showing cracks.
But immigrants had never been a major problem. Immigrants had trickled in in manageable numbers, and were mostly skilled artisans who became good citizens.
Most immigrants did not see Boston as an ideal stopping ground — there was little space, and not enough industry to absorb them — so they moved on.
As Oscar Handlin wrote, "Two conditions were essential before a large immigrant group would stay in Boston. First, the immigrants must be more interested in escaping from Europe than in what faced them in America. Secondly, they must have so little mobility that, once in Boston, they could not go elsewhere because poverty deprived them of the means, and despondence of the desire.
For a long time this combination of factors did not apply to any migration that affected Boston." Most immigrants coming to America sought the fertile soil west of Boston, or the greater merchant and industrial opportunities found in other burgeoning American cities. Most had a little money to get to their desired destination.
The potato famine in Ireland that began in 1845 changed all of that.

Boston Irish

The Great Famine struck an Ireland that was already struggling. Oppressive English rule had crippled many of Ireland's merchants, had drawn the Irish elite to England, and had prevented Ireland from reaping the benefits of the Industrial Revolution that swept Europe and America.
The lower classes of Ireland were struggling to get by, and the potato famine devastated them.
Thousands came to America between 1845 and 1850, and Boston was one of the main seaports of their landing.
Many Irish immigrants barely had the means to make the trip, and had no money to move on once they landed in Boston.
By 1850, 35,000 of Boston's 136,000 residents — 26 percent — were Irish.

Ireland's Poorest

Most of the arriving Irish were of the poorest classes of Ireland, and did not have the skills of previous immigrants to Boston.
The city had no way to absorb them. Many of them turned to selling drink, and by 1851, 900 of Boston's 1500 liquor shops were run by Irishmen. The temperance movement was failing.
Boston's health and safety reforms also lost major ground.
Fanned by the desperation and overcrowding of immigrants caught in a city without the geographic or economic room to support them, disease, mortality and crime shot up in Boston.

A Divided City

The reform culture that had led Bostonians to pursue municipal perfection did not move them to accept their new Irish neighbors.
Bostonians tried to close their city, their neighborhoods, and their shops to Irish immigrants, and exacerbated the division between the two cultures.
Many of them turned their fervor to abolitionism, a cause that was safely distanced from their own neighborhoods.

Irish Politics

Bostonians tried to close their city, their neighborhoods, and their shops to Irish immigrants, and exacerbated the division between the two cultures.
Yankee Protestants 1630—Pope's Night; Nov 5
1847; 37,000 arrived.
1840; 93,383; 1860; 177,840
Irish had with no money. Stayed.
1850=26% Irish
Largest wave in America at that time.
Boston Mayor 84/100 years in 20th century
1st in 144 years with no Irish name
Boston = 16%
Metro Boston = 23%
Mass = 20%
Scituate largest % Irish=48%
Fort Hill, Waterfront; North End, Eastie.
American Party (Know-Nothins); anti-Catholic, anti-Irish, anti-immigrants. Promoted liberty, Protestantism, temperance
Irish barred from city jobs, buried in city cemeteries, used Protestant bible in schools.
Convent burned in Charlestown
St. Greg's Church burned
Willie McGinniskins
No Irish Need Apply
Civil war = Irish patriotism
Irish hired as indentured servants.
Worked on muni projects (Back Bay)
Never see a grey haired Irishman
Irish rise in politics in 1880s–Group loyalty, block by block organization, showy antics, punch-in-the-nose politics
Ward bosses; (smallest political units), local vote gatherer and provider of patronage, keeper of the political machine.
Jame Michael Curley: Mayor of the Poor
-Mayor, Congess, Gov, federal inmate 1914–55
-Alienated the Yankee and ward bosses.
–Ended ward politics with his city wide machine
-Great speaker, hero to many Bostonians, kept municipal projects during the depression, updated public trans, city hosp, welfare,
-Almost bankrupted the city, dubious actions,
-'Last Harrah' by Edwin O'Connor, 'liked the part where I die'
My dad, "best speaker" / My grandma, "great"
Story; WASP canvasing Irish street
Story; Shea and Shea name on the ballot
Irish = politics / Yankees = Banks and money
9th Irish regiment
Lace curtain Irish / 2 toilet Irish
Next parish over
Mary Minot, Mary Richview
Irish breakfast / Irish pubs

Irish Words

Fall Cha
Do Ya gwitch
Benktay na feylya Pow-raigOrt
CayHeWillTwo
Gurah-mahagath
Milly Bwokus
Slawn-cha
Slan lat
Oil Beef Hooked

Boston Driving

a colossal labyrinth of seemingly unnavigable streets and causeways
Many ways to get from 1 place to another
Traffic changes as the day progresses
Boston is made up of parochial villages
Most know their way around a part of Boston, but not all. Being able to connect neighborhoods and cities is a mark of a true master
Change lanes because the driver sees the situation has changed (or they’re tourists)
People care about their cars
Biggest cause of problems is getting in the way. Iit’s fine to cut someone off, change lanes etc. Just don't make it longer for me
Stay off the brakes in the snow
Blinkers, are a way to intimidate—I’m turning and you can't stop me
Red lights are suggestions
Yellow means pay more attention as you go through the intersection and make sure you have room on the other side.
Horns only if you can’t go around. If someone is not moving, go around
Stuck before your a left hand turn—you can jump into the other lane if you are 4 cars away.
Turning left onto a busy road with 2 way traffic; pull out to block the cars coming from the left till you are clear on the right
We have 2 state birds-the official is the chickadee and unofficial, you’ll see while from the other drivers in Boston
Let’s get mad together “Move it. Get outta here.”

Boston Music

Aerosmith
Boston
Aimee Mann
Dropkick Murphys
Pixies
Mission of Burma
James Taylor
Donna Summer
The Cars
Letters to Cleo
J. Geils Band/ Peter Wolf
Joan Baez
New Kids on the Block
New Edition
Mighty Mighty Boss Tones

Jokes and stories

The Holy hedgehog
Drive carefully—stop and go often
Boston Children’s Museum—see Boston Children
I’m inspired, Let’s conquer France
Pomp and circumstance
Sing Solo
I know, I think I’ll...
Gov stuff, colonist stuff, patriot stuff
How do you get to MIT? the red line.Harvard, study.
Gov’t Center garage?
Where ever you see water, there was more water
The guy at Google knows everything. Except why Sister Donata Marie gave me an F in math
Ask the guy at You-tube to video it
When stuck—I just want to give you an update on our situation CHEERS is still on our right
Some guy named Larry
At 4pm, announce “The last trolley will be here in # minutes”
I’m not going to drink any more but I’m not going to drink any less
My kids are great—but i remind them they can run away they are old enough
Irish jokes
Yogi Berra
Dave Allen
I love this job. If I get reincarnated, I want to be a tour guide all over again.

Crowd peps/Ice breaker

7th ining stretch—stop 9
Special occassion
Ole, ole
Sing alongs—fatima
We love you Mary...
For he’s a jolly good fellow
Where are you from
Awards for Furthest/answer question
I’m thinking of a number from 1 to 7 billion.
You know what, this isn’t working
HAZZAH
Murphs; Aunt, Uncle, Cousin, Sister, Brother, GrandMa, Dad, Mom, GrandPa, Son, Daughter

Other conductors

Really St Brendan discovered America
Supposedly he was leaving his girlfriends house. Doesn’t sound very Puritan to me but, it was the 70s.
Only time they would talk to us was to say “Hey Paddy, you missed a spot.”
Beatles Number 9
Boston Artists